Knowledge base · Part III — Segmental Phonetics, Phonology, and Phonotactics
21. Syllable Structure, Phonotactics, and Word-Edge Constraints
What are the syllable structure, phonotactic restrictions, and word-edge constraints?
音節構造、音素配列制限、語端制約はどのようなものか?
The canonical (C)V(C) syllable and obligatory onset, the permitted-coda inventory and onset/coda asymmetry, heterosyllabic clusters, and word-edge constraints including the citation-vs-combining shape mismatch (loanword adaptation treated in Part XXI).
candidate topic from the first edition topic:phon/syllable-template read this topic as text
Local network
The chapter, its sections, the sources it cites, the chapters it cross-references, the forms it mentions most, and the claims grouped under it with the sources that assert, propose, doubt or reject each.
Sources
| Source | Citations | Without page | Statements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nakagawa 2024 | 64 | 34 | |
| Itabashi 2001 | 47 | 30 | |
| Refsing 1986 | 35 | 1 | 22 |
| Shiraishi 2022 | 23 | 9 | |
| Satō 2008 | 22 | 12 | |
| Murasaki 2025 | 20 | 12 | |
| Kirikae 1997 | 11 | 8 | |
| Shibatani 1990 | 10 | 7 | |
| Kindaichi & Chiri 1936 | 8 | 5 | |
| Bugaeva 2012 | 8 | 5 | |
| Bugaeva 2022 | 7 | 5 | |
| Tangiku 2022 | 4 | 4 | |
| aynu-corpora Discord 2023–2026 | 3 | 3 | |
| Ōno 2022 | 2 | 1 | |
| Vovin 2022 | 2 | 1 | |
| Tamura 1996 | 1 | 1 | |
| Nakagawa 1995 | 1 | 1 | |
| Kayano 1996 | 1 | 1 | |
| Bugaeva 2014 | 1 | 1 | |
| Bugaeva 2016 | 1 | 1 | |
| Okuda 2022 | 1 | 1 | |
| Satō 2022 | 1 | 1 |
Related chapters
- Index of Subjects ×7
- The Consonant Inventory and Its Phonetic Realization ×5
- Personal-Affix Junctural Sandhi, =an/a= Allomorphy, and Connected-Speech Reduction ×4
- Glides, Vowel Hiatus, and the Diphthong Question ×3
- Assimilation and Cluster Simplification: Coda /r/, Nasals, and Clusters ×3
- The Laryngeals: Glottal Stop, /h/, and the Final-h Question ×2
- The Pitch-Accent Placement Rule and the Accented/Accentless Dialect Split ×2
- /s/ and the s ~ š Palatalization Alternation ×2
- The Rhotic /r/ and Coda-r ×2
- Ainu Loanwords and Toponymy in Japanese ×2
- The Vowel Inventory and Vowel Realization ×1
- The Prosodic Unit and the Accent-versus-Tone Analysis ×1
- Katakana Orthography and the Extended Small-Kana Codas ×1
- Lexical/Contrastive Accent and Minimal Pairs ×1
- Glide Epenthesis and Vowel-Hiatus Resolution ×1
- Citation vs Combining Stem Shapes and Support Vowels ×1
- Japanese Loanwords and Their Phonological Adaptation ×1
- Synopsis of Lexical-Semantic Fields ×1
- Index of Grammatical Morphemes and Affixes ×1
Forms mentioned
ku= 2e= 2toop 1to.op 1aa 1ruu 1a 1ru 1niisah 1nisah 1nísap 1nisáp 1aynu 1kamuy 1yayrayke 1yairayke 1ay 1ai 1mat-ikor 1macikor 1honkor 1anpe 1-Vn- 1-Vy- 1t.y 1n.k 1r.k 1n.n 1y.k 1k.k 1p.w 1w.h 1e.a 1i.i 1*-ac 1*-ec 1ku=ipe 1ku=ype 1ipe 1ku.ype 1
Claims
A claim is one proposition; under it stand the statements of each source, with the stance that source takes. Claims are grouped by a model from the extracted statements and carry that status until reviewed.
Sections
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The (C)V(C) template 22 claims ·13 sentences
What is the basic syllable template and what syllable types occur?
- Sakhalin Ainu has three syllable types: C1V1, C1V1V2 (where V1 = V2), and C1V1C2 (where C2 is /s, m, n, w, y, h/).樺太アイヌ語の音節構造には、C1V1、C1V1V2(V1 = V2)、C1V1C2(C2は /s, m, n, w, y, h/)の3つのタイプがある。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:4 asserts checked
- murasaki2025:88 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, the permissible syllable shapes are V, C1V, VC2, and C1VC2, where C1 can be any consonant and C2 can be /p, t, k, s, r, m, n, y, w/.北海道アイヌ語において許容される音節構造は V, C1V, VC2, C1VC2 であり、C1 はすべての子音、C2 は /p, t, k, s, r, m, n, y, w/ である。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- The syllable structure in Ainu is CV(C), allowing CV or CVC syllables, with basically no vowel-initial syllables (*V or *VC).アイヌ語の音節構造はCV(C)であり、CVまたはCVCが可能であるが、基本的に母音で始まる音節(*Vまたは*VC)は存在しない。asserts bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:466–467 asserts anchored
- In Hokkaido Ainu, there are no word-initial consonant clusters, nor clusters of a consonant and a semivowel.北海道アイヌ語において、語頭には子音の連続はなく、拗音のような子音と半母音の連続もない。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, syllables beginning with a vowel can be analyzed as having an initial glottal stop /ʔ/, resulting in C1V or C1VC2 syllable shapes.北海道アイヌ語において、母音で始まる音節は母音の前に声門閉鎖音/ʔ/があると見なせるので、C1VまたはC1VC2の音節となる。proposes itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 proposes checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, syllable structure lacks word-initial consonant clusters or consonant-semivowel clusters.樺太アイヌ語の音節構造において、語頭には子音の連続はなく、子音と半母音の連続もない。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Kuril Ainu, syllable structure lacks word-initial consonant clusters or consonant-semivowel clusters.千島アイヌ語の音節構造において、語頭には子音の連続はなく、子音と半母音の連続もない。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- When a high-pitched CVC* syllable in Hokkaido Ainu has C* as /p, t, k, s, m, n, w, y/, the corresponding syllable in Sakhalin Ainu is always closed, short, and high-pitched.北海道アイヌ語において高いピッチをもつCVC*のC*が/p, t, k, s, m, n, w, y/の場合、対応する樺太アイヌ語の音節は常に閉音節で短くピッチが高いと考えられる。proposes itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 proposes checked
- In words of the structure CV|CVC that end in a closed syllable, the vowel of the open syllable in Sakhalin Ainu is considered to be long and high-pitched.閉音節を末音節にするCV|CVC構造の語では、樺太アイヌ語において開音節の母音が長くピッチアクセントは高いと考えられる。proposes itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 proposes checked
- An Ainu syllable allows only a single consonant in onset and coda positions, and has no palatalized consonants other than ch.アイヌ語の音節が頭音または末音として許容する子音の数は唯一つに限られ、ch のほかに拗音はない。asserts kindaichi1936
- kindaichi1936 asserts checked
- Ainu syllables are of two types: open syllables (CV) and closed syllables (CVC).アイヌ語の音節には子音+母音(開音節)と子音+母音+子音(閉音節)の2種がある。asserts kirikae1997
- kirikae1997 asserts checked
- Ainu has sound sequences not found in Japanese, such as tu, we, and ye.アイヌ語には tu、we、ye など、日本語にはない音連続がある。asserts kirikae1997
- kirikae1997:4 asserts checked
- All twelve consonant phonemes can occur at the syllable onset in Sakhalin Ainu.樺太アイヌ語では12の子音音素はすべて音節頭に立つことができる。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:3 asserts checked
- The minimal free forms in Sakhalin Ainu are only C1V1V2 and C1V1C2, while C1V1 exists only as bound/affixed forms.樺太アイヌ語の最小の自立形式は C₁V₁V₂ と C₁V₁C₂ の2つだけであり、C₁V₁ は付属形式としてのみ存在する。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:4 asserts checked
- In all Hokkaido dialects of Ainu, the syllable template is (C)V(C), meaning each syllable consists of an obligatory vowel optionally preceded by a single consonant and optionally followed by a single consonant.北海道方言の音節構造はどの方言でも (C) V (C) であり、母音を必ず1つ含み、子音は先頭・末尾にそれぞれ最大1つしか来ない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:41 asserts checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, syllable shapes are V, V₁V₂, C₁V, and C₁V₁V₂.樺太アイヌ語において、音節構造は V, V₁V₂, C₁V, C₁V₁V₂ である。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, the permissible syllable structures are V, V₁V₂, C₁V, C₁V₁V₂, VC₂, and C₁VC₂, where V₁ = V₂ and C₂ is restricted to /s, m, n, w, y, h/.樺太アイヌ語における可能な音節構造は V, V₁V₂, C₁V, C₁V₁V₂, VC₂, C₁VC₂ であり、V₁ = V₂、C₂ は /s, m, n, w, y, h/ に限られる。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts extracted
- Closed syllables ending in a consonant occur routinely in Ainu.アイヌ語には閉音節(子音で終わる音節)が普通にある。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:5 asserts checked
- Ainu syllable types include V, VC, CV, and CVC (or only CV and CVC if initial glottal stop is posited).アイヌ語の音節には次のような種類がある。母音 (略号 V) 母音+子音 (VC) 子音+母音 (CV) 子音+母音+子音 (CVC)asserts sato2008
- sato2008:11 asserts checked
- All 11 consonants can occur in syllable-initial position.音節頭には上にあげた 11 子音すべてが立ち得る。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:11 asserts checked
- Syllables conform to CV or CVC in Hokkaido Ainu, and CV, CVV (long vowel), or CVC in Sakhalin Ainu.音節構造は、北海道アイヌ語では CV または CVC、樺太アイヌ語では CV, CVV(長母音), CVC のいずれかに従う。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
- The syllable template of Ainu is either (C)V or (C)VC.アイヌ語の音節構造は(C)Vまたは(C)VCのいずれかである。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
Syllabification 10 claims ·15 sentences· 1 examples
How are syllable boundaries determined in the Latin transcription?
- Syllable boundaries in Ainu can be determined by three rules: syllables divide between consecutive vowels, syllables divide between consecutive consonants, and in a VCV sequence, the boundary falls before the consonant.アイヌ語の音節の切れ目は、①母音連続はその間で切れる、②子音連続はその間で切れる、③母音の後の子音の後に母音がある場合はその子音の前で切れる、という3つの規則で判定できる。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:43 asserts checked
- When 1st person singular ku= attaches to a vowel-initial verb, the syllable structures of the resulting kuytak and komap are kuy.tak and ko.map, respectively.1人称単数 ku= が母音初頭動詞に接続した kuytak と komap の音節構造は、それぞれ kuy | tak および ko | map である。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:59 asserts checked
- When the 1st person prefix k= is attached to omáp, the resulting sequence ko is pronounced as a single syllable.omáp に人称接辞 k= が付く場合、ko は一音節として発音される。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:60 asserts checked
- When a closed syllable is followed by a vowel-initial syllable, the final consonant of the first syllable may resyllabify as the onset of the second syllable.閉音節に母音で始まる音節が後続する場合、前者の音節末子音は後者の頭子音へと移行して第1音節が開音節になることがある。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- When a closed syllable is followed by a vowel-initial syllable, the final consonant of the first syllable may resyllabify as the onset of the second syllable, even across word boundaries within the same clause.閉音節の後に母音で始まる音節が続く場合、第1音節の末尾子音が第2音節の頭子音へと移行して第1音節が開音節化することがあり、これは同一節内の単語間でも起こりうる。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- The phrase cep osarkes is pronounced continuously as ceposarkes.cep osarkes は ceposarkes と一続きに発音される。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:293 asserts checked
- Consonant clusters in Ainu occur only across syllable boundaries.アイヌ語の子音連続は音節境界をまたいでしか生じない。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
- In polymorphemic forms, [y_i] and [w_u] sequences may arise due to resyllabification.複合形態素形式においては、音節再編成によって [y_i] および [w_u] が生じることがある。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
- A syllable-final consonant often undergoes resyllabification when followed by a vowel-initial morpheme.音節末子音は、母音で始まる形態素が後続するとしばしば音節再編成を受ける。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
- Resyllabification is blocked occasionally when a following vowel bears accent and/or across certain morphological boundaries such as reduplicant-base, with glottal stop insertion occurring instead.後続母音がアクセントを持つ場合や畳語と基幹の間などの特定の形態論的境界を挟む場合、音節再編成が阻止されることがあり、代わりに声門閉鎖音挿入が起こる。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
Permitted coda consonants 18 claims ·9 sentences
Which consonant phonemes are permitted in coda position and which are excluded?
- In Sakhalin Ainu, the consonants and semivowels permitted in syllable-coda position are /s, m, n, w, y, h/.樺太アイヌ語において、音節末に現れ得る子音および半母音は /s, m, n, w, y, h/ である。asserts itabashi2001, murasaki2025
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- murasaki2025:3 asserts checked
- In Southern Hokkaido Ainu, the consonants /c/, /h/, and /ʔ/ are not allowed in syllable-final (coda) position.南北海道アイヌ語では、子音/c/、/h/、/ʔ/は音節末(音節尾子音)に立つことができない。asserts bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:466–467 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, the consonants and semivowels that can appear in syllable-coda position are /p, t, k, s, r, m, n, w, y/.北海道アイヌ語において、音節末に現れ得る子音と半母音は/p, t, k, s, r, m, n, w, y/である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, the consonants that cannot appear in syllable-coda position are /c, h, ʔ/.北海道アイヌ語において、音節末に現れない子音は/c, h, ʔ/である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, the consonants /p, t, k, c, r, ʔ/ do not appear in syllable-final position.樺太アイヌ語において、/p, t, k, c, r, ʔ/は音節末に現れない。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In the Taraika dialect of Sakhalin Ainu, stops and fricatives appear syllable-finally just as in Hokkaido Ainu.樺太アイヌ語タライカ方言では、北海道方言と同じく閉鎖音や摩擦音が音節末に現れる。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Kuril Ainu, the consonants and semivowels that can appear in syllable-final position are /p, t, k, s, r, m, n, w, y/.千島アイヌ語において、音節末に現れ得る子音は/p, t, k, s, r, m, n, w, y/である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Kuril Ainu, the consonants that do not appear at syllable coda are /c/, /h/, and /ʔ/.千島アイヌ語において、音節末に現れない子音は/c, h, ʔ/である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- Ainu closed syllables end in one of seven consonants: implosive k, t, p, and m, n, sh, r, which link via liaison to a following vowel-initial syllable to form an open syllable.アイヌ語の閉音節の末音を構成するのは入声の k, t, p および m, n, sh, r の7つであり、母音で始まる音節が後続すると連音(リエゾン)して開音節に響く。asserts kindaichi1936
- kindaichi1936 asserts checked
- In syllable codas, seven consonants must be distinguished: p, t, k, s, r, m, and n.音節末の子音では、p t k s r m n を書き分ける必要がある。asserts kirikae1997
- kirikae1997:5 asserts checked
- While Hokkaido Ainu allows nine syllable-final consonants (/-p, -t, -k, -m, -n, -r, -s, -y, -w/), Sakhalin Ainu allows only six (/-h, -m, -n, -s, -y, -w/).音節末子音について、北海道アイヌ語には /-p, -t, -k, -m, -n, -r, -s, -y, -w / の9つがあるが、樺太アイヌ語には /-h, -m, -n, -s, -y, -w / の6つしかない。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:84 asserts checked
- Hokkaido Ainu coda consonants /-p, -t, -k, -r/ correspond in Sakhalin Ainu to /-h/ or /-rV/ (where V is a vowel).北海道アイヌ語の /-p, -t, -k, -r / は、樺太アイヌ語では /-h / または /-rV /(Vは母音)となる。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:84 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, /c/ and /h/ cannot occur in syllable-coda position.北海道方言では /c/ と /h/ の2つは音節末には立たない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:27 asserts checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, /p, t, k, c, r/ cannot occur in syllable coda (except in the Taraika dialect, where /p, t, k/ are reported to occur), but /h/ can.樺太方言では音節末に /p, t, k, c, r/ は立たないが、/h/ は立つ(ただしタライカ方言では /p, t, k/ が立つとされる)。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:27 asserts checked
- Sakhalin Ainu has the same consonants as Hokkaido Ainu, but /p, t, k, r, c/ cannot occur as final consonants.樺太アイヌ語は北海道アイヌ語と同じ子音をもつが、/p, t, k, r, c/ は音節末子音となることができない。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- A noun may end in all consonants except /*-h/ and /*-c/, which cannot appear in word-final position in any words.名詞は/*-h/と/*-c/(いかなる語においても語末に現れ得ない)を除くすべての子音で終わることができる。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:82 asserts checked
- The consonants c and h do not occur in syllable-final position.音節末には c, h は立たない。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:11 asserts checked
- All consonants may occur in syllable-initial position, while in syllable-final position all except /c/, /h/, and /ʔ/ may occur.音節頭位置にはすべての子音が生起しうるが、音節末位置には /c/, /h/, /ʔ/ を除くすべての子音が生起しうる。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
Lexical statistics 5 claims ·16 sentences
What is the frequency of syllable types in the native lexicon?
- In Hokkaido Ainu, closed syllables are as common as open syllables.北海道アイヌ語において、閉音節も開音節と同様一般的である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, closed syllables are as common as open syllables.樺太アイヌ語では、日本語と異なり閉音節も開音節と同様に一般的である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- In Kuril Ainu, closed syllables are as common as open syllables.千島アイヌ語では、日本語と異なり閉音節も開音節と同様に一般的である。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- The vast majority of Ainu roots consist of one or two syllables, and basic independent words likewise predominantly consist of one or two syllables.アイヌ語の語根は大半が1音節ないし2音節からなり、自立語の基本形においても1音節ないし2音節のものが大半を占める。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:47 asserts checked
- The syllable tu occurs frequently in the Ainu language.音節 tu はアイヌ語において頻繁に現れる。asserts ono2022
- ono2022:12.8 asserts checked
Phonotactic gaps in the syllable inventory 21 claims ·4 sentences
Which phonotactic gaps exist in the syllable inventory?
- In Southern Hokkaido Ainu, the syllables ti, wi, ʔuw, and ʔiy are phonotactically ruled out.南北海道アイヌ語では、ti、wi、ʔuw、ʔiyの各音節は音素配列上排除されている。asserts bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:466–467 asserts checked
- The phonotactic sequence *VC'V is not permissible word-internally across Ainu dialects.*VC'V という連続は、アイヌ語諸方言を通じて語内部で生起が許容されない。asserts bugaeva2022
- bugaeva2022:3.5 asserts checked
- Because the syllable shape /suw/ is prohibited in Ainu, the combination /suw-pa/ from root √suw becomes /su-pa/.アイヌ語では音節構造 /suw/ が許容されないため、語根 √suw からの /suw-pa/ は /su-pa/ となる。asserts bugaeva2022
- bugaeva2022:20.6 asserts checked
- The syllables *wi(i), *wu(u), *yi(i), *-uw, *-ow, *-iy, *ti(i), *CVVC, and *CVVCVV do not exist in Sakhalin Ainu.樺太アイヌ語には、*wi(i), *wu(u), *yi(i), *-uw, *-ow, *-iy, *ti(i), *CVVC, *CVVCVV の音節は存在しない。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:4 asserts checked
- The syllable /ruw/ is not permitted by Ainu syllable structure rules./ruw/ という音節はアイヌ語の音節構造のルールでは認められない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:35 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, syllable structures such as CCVC, CVCC, or CVVC do not exist.北海道アイヌ語において、CCVC、CVCC、CVVC のような音節はありえない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:42 asserts checked
- The open syllables wi, wu, and yi occur only at morpheme boundaries and are never found in native root morphemes.wi、wu、yi という音節は形態素のつなぎ目にのみ生じる音節であり、これらを語根とする単語は存在しない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:45 asserts checked
- The open syllable ti does not exist in Ainu.アイヌ語に ti という音節は存在しない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:45 asserts checked
- Closed syllables beginning with ti- do not exist in Hokkaido Ainu, and closed syllables beginning with wi-, wu-, or yi- likely do not exist either.北海道アイヌ語において ti- の後に子音が来る閉音節は存在せず、wi-、wu-、yi- の後に子音が来る閉音節もおそらく存在しない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:45 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, closed syllables ending in -uw, -iy, -c, or -h do not exist.北海道アイヌ語において、-uw、-iy で終わる音節は存在せず、-c、-h で終わる音節も存在しない。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:45 asserts checked
- In the Sakhalin dialect, there are no short vowels in open monosyllables; they all take long vowels like cii and kuu.樺太方言においては開音節の単母音語はなく、すべて cii、kuu のような長母音をとる。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:229 asserts checked
- In Hokkaido Ainu, /c/ and /h/ cannot appear as syllable finals, /y/ and /t/ cannot appear before /i/, and /w/ cannot precede /u/ and /i/.北海道アイヌ語において、/c/ と /h/ は音節末に現れることができず、/y/ と /t/ は /i/ の前に現れることができず、/w/ は /u/ と /i/ の前に現れることができない。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- The syllables *ti, *wu, *wi, *yi, *uw, and *iy do not occur, and where *ti might be expected morphologically, it is replaced by /ci/.音節 *ti, *wu, *wi, *yi, *uw, *iy は生起せず、形態論的に *ti が期待される箇所では /ci/ に置き換えられる。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- The syllables *ti, *wu, *wi, *yi, *uw, and *iy do not occur in the language.*ti、*wu、*wi、*yi、*uw、*iyという音節は生起しない。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- Where *ti might be expected for morphological reasons, it is replaced by /ci/.形態論的理由から*tiが予期される箇所では、/ci/に置き換えられる。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- The first-person singular nominative prefix ku- does not cause i to change to y when i is followed by two consonants, because Ainu does not permit three-consonant clusters.ku-「私が」は、母音 i の直後に子音が二つある場合は i が y に変化しない(アイヌ語には三子音連続はない)。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:110 asserts checked
- When e- 'you (sg.)' attaches before i followed by two consonants, the i does not change to y.e-「お前が」が i の前に付いても直後に子音が二つある場合は i は y に変化しない。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:111 asserts checked
- The word kamyasi 'monster' also appears as kamuyasi or kamiyasi; the base form is likely kamyasi, but because the cluster my is uncommon in Ainu, u or i is often epenthesized, causing phonetic variation.kamyasi「化け物」は kamuyasi や kamiyasi のような形でも現れ、正しい形はおそらく kamyasi であるが、my という音連続がアイヌ語では一般的でないため u や i が挿入されて語形がゆれていると考えられる。proposes sato2008
- sato2008:306 proposes checked
- The sequence [ti] does not occur in Ainu.アイヌ語において連続 [ti] は生起しない。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
- In monomorphemic forms, the sequences *yi, *wi, *wu, *ti, *uw, and *iy do not occur.単一形態素形式においては、*yi, *wi, *wu, *ti, *uw, *iy の連続は生じない。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
- In the modern Ainu languages, the phoneme sequence /no/ occurs exclusively across morpheme boundaries as /n-o/.現代アイヌ諸方言において音素連鎖 /no/ は形態素境界でのみ生じ、常に /n-o/ である。asserts vovin2022
- vovin2022:6.5 asserts checked
The *CVVC constraint and glide-blocking 4 claims ·9 sentences
What is the *CVVC constraint and how does it affect morphophonological alternations?
- In Hokkaido Ainu, sequences of identical vowels do not occur, meaning that there is no contrast of vowel length.北海道アイヌ語において、同じ母音の連続はなく、母音の長短の区別が存在しない。asserts itabashi2001
- itabashi2001 asserts checked
- The Hokkaido Ainu word toop 'far away' is not a single CVVC syllable, but a disyllabic word composed of to (CV) and op (VC).北海道アイヌ語の toop「ずっと(遠く)」は CVVC という1音節ではなく、to (CV) と op (VC) を組み合わせた2音節の単語である。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:42 asserts checked
- There are no (C)VVC syllables in Ainu.アイヌ語には(C)VVC型の音節は存在しない。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
- When an emphatic lengthening of a vowel is grammaticalized, the VV sequence is broken up by a glottal stop and becomes disyllabic (V.ʔV).母音の強調的長音化が文法化される場合、VV連続は声門閉鎖音によって分断され2音節(V.ʔV)となる。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
Loanword syllable adaptation 7 sentences
How are loanwords with consonant clusters or CVVC structures adapted to the syllable template?