Knowledge base · Part V — Morphophonology and Sandhi
28. Assimilation and Cluster Simplification: Coda /r/, Nasals, and Clusters
How does the language handle coda consonants and consonant clusters across morpheme and word boundaries?
この言語では、形態素や語の境界で末尾子音と子音連続はどのように扱われるか?
Regressive assimilation of coda /r/ (the most active sandhi trigger) and place assimilation of coda nasals, together with heterosyllabic cluster simplification, degemination, and juncture gemination across morpheme, compound, and word boundaries.
candidate topic from the first edition topic:phon/coda-r-assimilation-sonorant-sandhi read this topic as text
Local network
The chapter, its sections, the sources it cites, the chapters it cross-references, the forms it mentions most, and the claims grouped under it with the sources that assert, propose, doubt or reject each.
Sources
| Source | Citations | Without page | Statements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Satō 2008 | 61 | 35 | |
| Nakagawa 2024 | 50 | 21 | |
| Refsing 1986 | 41 | 26 | |
| Shiraishi 2022 | 30 | 13 | |
| Murasaki 2025 | 19 | 12 | |
| Bugaeva 2012 | 13 | 7 | |
| Kindaichi & Chiri 1936 | 11 | 1 | 6 |
| Shibatani 1990 | 10 | 5 | |
| aynu-corpora Discord 2023–2026 | 8 | 8 | |
| Nakagawa & Fukazawa 2022 | 3 | 1 | |
| Alonso de la Fuente 2022 | 2 | 1 | |
| Tamura 1972 | 2 | 1 | |
| Tangiku 2022 | 2 | 2 | |
| Vovin 2022 | 2 | 2 | |
| Simeon 1968 | 1 |
Related chapters
- Index of Subjects ×10
- The Rhotic /r/ and Coda-r ×5
- Personal-Affix Junctural Sandhi, =an/a= Allomorphy, and Connected-Speech Reduction ×4
- Syllable Structure, Phonotactics, and Word-Edge Constraints ×3
- The Consonant Inventory and Its Phonetic Realization ×3
- Hokkaido Dialect Microvariation: Phonology and Morphosyntax ×2
- /s/ and the s ~ š Palatalization Alternation ×2
- Citation vs Combining Stem Shapes and Support Vowels ×2
- Reduplication Phonology and Rule Interaction ×2
- Glide Epenthesis and Vowel-Hiatus Resolution ×1
- Morphophonology of the Affiliative Suffix and Echo/Copy Vowels ×1
- Katakana Orthography and the Extended Small-Kana Codas ×1
- Orthographic Standardization and the Word-Division Problem ×1
- Accent in Compounds and under Affixation and Cliticization ×1
- Index of Grammatical Morphemes and Affixes ×1
Forms mentioned
attus 3kampi 2ran wa 1ram ma 1oara 1koro 1kuru 1asiri 1oat tuye 1ot teeta 1kon nispa 1an kun ne 1asin-no 1ku kot cise 1ku=kor rusuy 1an=pe 1hon=kor 1hanku 1matanpus 1matampus 1kanpi 1homsu 1hom-su 1poy seta 1at-rus 1ahrus 1mosir ta 1ar suy 1retar cikap 1t+i → ci 1mat-ikor 1macikor 1ketketcep 1ket~ket-se-pe 1nisatcawot 1nisat-sawot 1hokke 1pek kari 1pet kari 1ku= 1
Claims
A claim is one proposition; under it stand the statements of each source, with the stance that source takes. Claims are grouped by a model from the extracted statements and carry that status until reviewed.
- The sequence /-r r-/ frequently assimilates to [-nr-]./-r r-/の連続は、頻繁に[-nr-]へと異化/同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:73 asserts checked
- The sequence e-an ya becomes e-an a.e-an ya は e-an a となる。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:385 asserts checked
Sections
·
Overview 5 claims ·7 sentences
What two regressive assimilation systems operate across junctures in the language?
- The sequence /t/ + /i/ undergoes regressive assimilation across a morpheme boundary to become /ci/, as in mat-ikor becoming /macikor/.形態素境界を挟む /t/ + /i/ の連続は逆行同化を起こして /ci/ となり、mat-ikor は /macikor/ となる。reports bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:468–469 reports checked
- In Ainu phonemic alternation, regressive assimilation fundamentally predominates.アイヌ語における音素交替においては、基本的に逆行同化が中心を占める。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- Under resyllabification, /t_i/ undergoes palatalization and surfaces as ci [ʨi].音節再編成において、/t_i/ は口蓋化を受けて ci [ʨi] として現れる。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.4 asserts checked
- Both n-sandhi and r-sandhi apply word-internally as well as word-externally across morphosyntactic constituents.n連声とr連声はどちらも語内だけでなく語境界を越えて適用され、大きな形態統語的構成素に及ぶ。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts checked
- Sandhi is blocked when a pause intervenes between the two constituents.2つの構成素の間にポーズが挿入されると、連声は阻止される。reports shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 reports checked
Coda /r/-sandhi 21 claims ·9 sentences
What happens to a coda /r/ when it precedes a consonant-initial morpheme?
- In the Shizunai dialect, the morpheme sequence /-r n-/ frequently assimilates to /-nn-/.静内方言において、形態素境界の /-r n-/ は頻繁に /-nn-/ に同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refines(differs in dialect): A syllable-final /r/ regressively assimilates to a following /n/, producing the geminate sequence nn.— Restricted to Shizunai dialect scope and specified frequency
- In the Shizunai dialect, the morpheme sequence /-r t-/ almost always assimilates to /-tt-/.静内方言において、形態素境界の /-r t-/ はほとんど常に /-tt-/ に同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refines(differs in dialect): A syllable-final /r/ regressively assimilates to a following /t/, producing the geminate sequence tt.— Restricted to Shizunai dialect scope and specified frequency
- A syllable-final /r/ regressively assimilates to a following /t/, producing the geminate sequence tt.音節末の /r/ は後続する /t/ に逆行同化し、重子音 tt となる。asserts nakagawa2024, sato2008
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- sato2008:12 asserts checked
- A syllable-final /r/ regressively assimilates to a following /c/, producing the sequence tc.音節末の /r/ は後続する /c/ に逆行同化し、tc となる。asserts nakagawa2024, sato2008
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- A syllable-final /r/ regressively assimilates to a following /n/, producing the geminate sequence nn.音節末の /r/ は後続する /n/ に逆行同化し、重子音 nn となる。asserts nakagawa2024, sato2008
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- In Sakhalin Ainu, the flap /r/ before a consonant also debuccalized to /h/ via an intermediate stage of total assimilation ([-r-C-] > [-C-C-] > [-hC-]).樺太アイヌ語において、子音に先行する弾き音/r/も中間段階の完全同化([-r-C-] > [-C-C-] > [-hC-])を経て声門音化を起こし/h/となった。asserts alonso2022
- alonso2022:5.1 asserts checked
- Coda /r/ regressively assimilates to a following /t/, /c/, or /n/, yielding geminate /tt/, /tc/, or /nn/.末尾の /r/ は後続する /t/、/c/、/n/ に逆行同化し、重子音 /tt/、/tc/、/nn/ を生じる。reports bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:468–469 reports extracted
- In Northern dialects, the compound ar-tek 'one hand' assimilates to antek.北部方言において ar-tek「片手」は antek となる。asserts kindaichi1936
- kindaichi1936 asserts checked
- A sequence of /t/ + /i/ alternates regressively to ci across morpheme or word boundaries.t+i は逆行同化により ci に交替する。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- A sequence of /r/ + /s/ alternates regressively to ss.r+s は逆行同化により ss に交替する。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- In Chitose Ainu, a sequence of /r/ + /y/ alternates regressively to yy.千歳方言において r+y は逆行同化により yy に交替する。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- The sequence /-r c-/ frequently assimilates to [-tc-]./-r c-/の連続は、頻繁に[-tc-]へと同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:73 asserts checked
- Across form boundaries, final -r assimilates before y- as -yy-.-r + y- → -yy- : koy yupi < kor「持つ」, yupi「兄」asserts sato2008
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- The coda r of the positional noun or assimilates to t before the postposition ta.位置名詞 or の末尾の r は後置詞 ta の前で t に同化する。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:163 asserts checked
- The locational noun ot 'place' is a phonologically conditioned allomorph of or before t.ot「ところ」は or が t の前で ot となったものである。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:184 asserts checked
- Coda /r/ assimilates to [t] before /t/, as in rir + tursere becoming rittursere.r は t の前で t に交替するため、rir + tursere は rittursere となる。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:221 asserts checked
- The coda r of the noun or assimilates to t before t.名詞 or の語末の r は t の前で t に変化する。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:289 asserts checked
- The final -r of utar assimilates to t before t.utar の語末の r は t の前で t に交替する。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:304 asserts checked
- Syllable-final r turns into n before n and into t before t (e.g. akor nispa → akon nispa, akor tures → akot tures).音節末の r は n の前で n に、t の前で t に変化する(例: akor nispa → akon nispa, akor tures → akot tures)。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
- A syllable-final /r/ undergoes sandhi when followed by /n/, /c/, /t/, or /r/.音節末の /r/ は、後続に /n/、/c/、/t/、/r/ が来ると連声(r連声)を起こす。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts checked
- In northern dialects, r-sandhi triggered by /s/ occurs (e.g. tu[s]se < tur 'to fall').北部諸方言では、/s/ によって引き起こされる r連声が見られる(例:tu[s]se < tur「落ちる」)。reports shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 reports checked
Dissimilation: /r/ before /r/ 6 claims ·5 sentences
How does the language treat the sequence of coda /r/ followed by onset /r/?
- A sequence of two consecutive /r/ sounds across a boundary dissimilates to nr.境界を挟む /r/ + /r/ の連続は異化により nr となる。asserts nakagawa2024, sato2008, shibatani1990
- nakagawa2024:37 asserts checked
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
- The sequence /r+r/ undergoes regressive dissimilation to become /nr/, as in ku=kor rusuy becoming /ku=kon rusuy/./r+r/ の連続は逆行異化を起こして /nr/ となり、ku=kor rusuy は /ku=kon rusuy/ となる。reports bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:468–469 reports checked
- A stem-final -rV sequence dissimilates to -nr- before r- or to -nn- before n-.語尾の -rV は、r- の前で -nr- に、n- の前で -nn- に異化する。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:88 asserts checked
- The verb kar 'to pick, gather' is normally pronounced kan before words beginning with r, such as the cohortative particle ro.kar「取る」は ro「〜よう」のような r で始まる語の前では kan と発音されるのが普通である。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:108 asserts checked
- The consonant r can alternate to n before n.子音 r は n の前では n に交替することがある。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:127 asserts checked
- When a word ending in r is followed by a word beginning with r, the first r alternates to n (e.g. kar ruwe becomes kan ruwe).r で終わる語のうしろに r で始まる語が立つと最初の r は n に交替し、kar ruwe は kan ruwe となる。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:210 asserts checked
Derivation walkthroughs 3 claims ·2 sentences· 2 examples
How are underlying representations of /r/-sandhi mapped to surface phonetic forms?
- Except for t+i → ci, sandhi alternations do not always apply obligatorily, varying by dialect, speaker, and even within the same speaker's utterances.t+i → ci を除き、音素交替は常に必ず起こるわけではなく、方言差や個人差、同一話者の発話内での変動がある。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:38 asserts checked
- Older speakers tend to exhibit a higher frequency of sandhi alternations, and the tendency can carry over into their Japanese speech.話者の年代が高いほど音素交替が起こる割合が高くなり、日本語を話している時でもこの交替が起こる傾向がある。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:38 asserts checked
- The interrogative particle ya fuses with a preceding stem-final consonant r, as in amkir + ya > amkir_a and nankor + ya > nankora.疑問小詞 ya は先行する語幹末尾の子音 r と融合し、amkir + ya > amkir_a や nankor + ya > nankora のようになる。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.7 asserts extracted
Coda-nasal place assimilation 7 claims ·9 sentences
How does a coda nasal /n/ assimilate in place to a following labial or velar consonant?
- In Hokkaido Ainu, final /-n/ frequently assimilates in place of articulation, becoming [m] before labials and [ŋ] before velars.北海道アイヌ語において、語末の /-n/ はしばしば後続音に調音点同化を起こし、唇音の前で [m]、軟口蓋音の前で [ŋ] となる。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- refsing1986:68 asserts checked
- Voicing of stops occurs through progressive assimilation when k, t, or p follows the nasals m or n.k, t, p が鼻音 m, n に後続する場合、順行同化によって有声化が生じる。asserts kindaichi1936
- kindaichi1936 asserts checked
- In Raichishka, /m/ is distinctly pronounced as [m] sentence-finally without becoming [n], but assimilates to [n] when followed by k, t, or n.ライチシカ方言では、文末では弱くても [m] とはっきり発音されて [n] にはならないが、k, t, n が後続すると [n] になる。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:2 asserts checked
- Coda -m assimilates in place of articulation to a following s- (becoming -ns-) or k- (becoming -nk-).語末子音 -m は後続の s- の前で -ns- に、k- の前で -nk- に調音点が近似化する。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:89 asserts checked
- Before the bilabial consonants p and m, both n and m are phonetically realized as [m].両唇音 p、m の前では、n も m も [m] で発音される。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:58 asserts checked
- The alveolar nasal [n] optionally velarizes to become [ŋ] before [k].歯茎鼻音 [n] は [k] の前で任意に軟口蓋音化して [ŋ] になる。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
- Final n assimilates to following bilabial sounds (m and p) and becomes m (e.g. pon-pe → pompe, pon menoko → pom menoko).末尾の n は後続する両唇音(m および p)に同化して m になる(例: pon-pe → pompe, pon menoko → pom menoko)。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts checked
Coda /n/-sandhi 18 claims ·8 sentences
What happens to a coda /n/ before the continuant consonants /s/, /y/, and /w/?
- In the Shizunai dialect, the morpheme sequence /-n w-/ almost always assimilates to /-nm-/ or /-mm-/.静内方言において、形態素境界の /-n w-/ はほとんど常に /-nm-/ または /-mm-/ に同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- In the Shizunai dialect, the morpheme sequence /-n s-/ almost always assimilates to /-ys-/.静内方言において、形態素境界の /-n s-/ はほとんど常に /-ys-/ に同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refines(differs in dialect): A syllable-final /n/ regressively assimilates to a following /s/, producing the sequence ys.— Restricted to Shizunai dialect scope and specified frequency
- In the Shizunai dialect, the morpheme sequence /-n r-/ sometimes assimilates to /-yr-/ or /-rr-/.静内方言において、形態素境界の /-n r-/ は時に /-yr-/ または /-rr-/ に同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- In the Shizunai dialect, the morpheme sequence /-n y-/ frequently assimilates to /-yy-/.静内方言において、形態素境界の /-n y-/ は頻繁に /-yy-/ に同化する。asserts refsing1986
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refsing1986:70 asserts checked
- refines(differs in dialect): A syllable-final /n/ regressively assimilates to a following /y/, producing the geminate sequence yy.— Restricted to Shizunai dialect scope and specified frequency
- In Sakhalin Ainu, yayne can assimilate to nayne when preceded by coda -n.樺太アイヌ語において、yayne は先行する語尾の -n の後で同化により nayne になることがある。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:31 asserts checked
- murasaki2025:96 asserts checked
- A syllable-final /n/ regressively assimilates to a following /y/, producing the geminate sequence yy.音節末の /n/ は後続する /y/ に逆行同化し、重子音 yy となる。asserts nakagawa2024, sato2008
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- A syllable-final /n/ regressively assimilates to a following /s/, producing the sequence ys.音節末の /n/ は後続する /s/ に逆行同化し、ys となる。asserts nakagawa2024, sato2008
- nakagawa2024:36 asserts checked
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- The conjunctive particle wa alternates to ma when preceded by coda n.接続助詞 wa は、先行する語尾が n の場合に ma に交替する。asserts sato2008
- sato2008 asserts checked
- sato2008:34 asserts checked
- Coda /n/ assimilates to a following /s/ by becoming /y/, as in pon sisam becoming /poy sisam/.末尾の /n/ は後続する /s/ の前で /y/ に同化し、pon sisam は /poy sisam/ となる。reports bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:468–469 reports checked
- A vowel can be epenthesized between final -n and initial w- (-nuw-) or 'ike (-ni ike).語末の -n と語頭の w- の間に u が、また 'ike の前に i が介入する。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:88 asserts checked
- The progressive assimilations m+w → mm, n+w → nm, and p+w → pp are lexically restricted to words ending in m, n, or p followed by the particle wa (conjunctive, case, or final particle).m+w → mm、n+w → nm、p+w → pp という進行同化は、m, n, p で終わる語と助詞 wa(接続助詞、格助詞、終助詞)の間でのみ起こり、語彙的に制約されている。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:37 asserts checked
- Across form boundaries, final -n before w- can alternate as -nm- [mm] or as -ww-.-n + w- → -nm- : an ma [amma] < an「いる」, wa「て」; -n + w- → -ww- : aw wentarap < an「ある」, wentarap「夢」asserts sato2008
- sato2008:13 asserts checked
- The particle wa becomes ma after n, so ahun wa becomes ahun ma.助詞 wa は n の後で ma になるため、ahun wa は ahun ma となる。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:191 asserts checked
- The sequence k-an wa becomes k-an ma.k-an wa は k-an ma となる。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:385 asserts checked
- Final n becomes y before a following y or s (e.g. pon yuk → poy yuk, pon seta → poy seta).末尾の n は後続する y または s の前で y になる(例: pon yuk → poy yuk, pon seta → poy seta)。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts anchored
- A syllable-final /n/ undergoes sandhi when followed by /s/, /y/, or /w/.音節末の /n/ は、後続に /s/、/y/、/w/ が来ると連声(n連声)を起こす。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts checked
- n-sandhi can create sequences such as [uw] that are otherwise illicit in the language.n連声は、他の環境では不適格とされる [uw] のような連続を生じさせることがある。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts anchored
- The form 'éy-sere is phonologically composed of the first-person singular objective prefix 'en- plus sére.'éy-sere は 1人称単数目的格接辞 'en- と sére から成る。asserts tamura1972
- tamura1972:21 asserts checked
Domain asymmetry: /r/-sandhi and /n/-sandhi differ in boundary sensitivity 3 claims ·8 sentences
How do the domains of /r/-sandhi and /n/-sandhi differ in boundary sensitivity?
- In recordings of the Saru dialect, n-sandhi never applies across a sentence boundary.沙流方言の録音資料において、n連声が文境界を越えて適用される例は皆無である。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts checked
- In the Saru dialect, r-sandhi can apply across a sentence boundary.沙流方言において、r連声は文境界を越えて適用されうる。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts checked
- n-sandhi is a P-structure rule sensitive to syntactic boundaries, whereas r-sandhi is a Pure phonological rule that is not sensitive to syntactic boundaries.n連声は統語境界に敏感なP構造規則であるのに対し、r連声は統語境界に敏感でない純粋音韻規則である。asserts shiraishi2022
- shiraishi2022:13.6 asserts checked
Lexicalized sandhi outputs 10 claims ·11 sentences
Which lexical items in the language preserve sandhi outputs as their current form?
- The alternation m <-> n occurs between word variants.語形の交替として m と n の交替(m←→n)が見られる。asserts kindaichi1936
- kindaichi1936 asserts checked
- The alternation n <-> r occurs between word variants.語形の交替として n と r の交替(n←→r)が見られる。asserts kindaichi1936
- kindaichi1936 asserts checked
- The progressive alternation t+s → tc is limited to specific historical changes such as pet + sam → petcam and sinot + sa → sinotca.t+s → tc という順行同化は限られた語にのみ起こり、歴史的な語形変化とみなすべきものである(例:pet + sam → petcam、sinot + sa → sinotca)。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:37 asserts checked
- When the locative particle ta is combined with the base form of the locative noun or, it is pronounced otta via phonemic alternation and can be written as a single word.位格助詞 ta は位置名詞の基本形 or と組み合わされると、音素交替によって otta と発音され、一語のように表記されることもある。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:297 asserts checked
- The combination of nankor followed by the sentence-final particle na is frequently used and often pronounced as nankonna.nankor の後ろに終助詞 na がついた形もよく使われ、発音は nankonna のようになることが多い。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:310 asserts checked
- The conjunction form pa is an allomorph of wa 'and, -ing' whose initial w became p after a preceding p.pa は、p の後で wa「〜して」の w が p に交替したものである。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:175 asserts checked
- The verb kor exceptionally alternates to koy before the noun yupi 'elder brother', an alternation that does not occur before other words beginning with y.kor「持つ、〜の」は yupi「〜の兄」の前で例外的に koy という形になることがあるが、他の y で始まる語の前ではこの交替は起こらない。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:229 asserts checked
- The conjunctive particle wa surfaces as pa after the coda p of yap.接続助詞 wa は yap の語末子音 p の後で pa に交替する。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:289 asserts checked
- kan is a reduced or assimilated variant of kar 'to make'.kan は kar「作る」の縮約形・同化形である。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:369 asserts checked
- kon is a reduced or assimilated variant of kor 'to have'.kon は kor「持つ」の縮約形・同化形である。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:369 asserts checked
Bihoro and eastern-dialect cluster simplification 3 claims ·8 sentences
What cluster simplifications occur in the Bihoro dialect beyond productive sandhi rules?
- The form komo in Shiranuka is considered to be a contracted form of ka omo.白糠方言の komo は ka omo の縮約した形と考えられる。proposes nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:329 proposes checked
- Regressive consonant assimilation (such as tk > kk, pt > tt, rs > ss) is characteristic of eastern Hokkaido dialects, especially Bihoro.子音の逆行同化(tk > kk、pt > tt、rs > ssなど)は東部方言の特徴であり、特に美幌方言で顕著である。asserts nakagawafukazawa2022
- nakagawafukazawa2022:8.3 asserts checked
- The form rokan is derived from rok yan.rokan は rok yan から来ている。asserts sato2008
- sato2008:386 asserts checked
Rule inventory and domain summary 3 claims ·6 sentences
What are the productive rules for assimilation and cluster simplification in the language?
- The sequence /m+w/ undergoes progressive assimilation to become /mm/, as in isam wa becoming /isam ma/./m+w/ の連続は進行同化を起こして /mm/ となり、isam wa は /isam ma/ となる。reports bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:468–469 reports checked
- The sequence /n+w/ undergoes mutual assimilation to become /mm/, as in an wa becoming /am ma/./n+w/ の連続は相互同化を起こして /mm/ となり、an wa は /am ma/ となる。reports bugaeva2012
- bugaeva2012:468–469 reports checked
- Across a morpheme boundary, nasal or liquid consonants assimilate to following glides, nasals, or /n/ according to consonant assimilation rules.形態素境界において、子音同化規則により鼻音や流音が後続の半母音・鼻音・/n/ などと同化する。asserts murasaki2025
- murasaki2025:88 asserts checked