Skip to content
A Grammar of Hokkaido Ainu

Knowledge base · Part II — Sources, Conventions, Glossing, and Orthography

11. The Latin Phonemic Transcription

What conventions govern the standard Latin-based transcription of the language's phonemes?

言語の音素を標準的なラテン文字表記する際の規則は何か？

The canonical romanization adopted as the grammar's primary script — its phoneme-to-grapheme mapping and conventions for /c/, the glottal stop, accent, and capitalization.

candidate topic from the first edition topic:sources/latin-phonemic-transcription read this topic as text

5claims
15statements
18sources
0examples
9sections
61first-edition sentences

Local network

The chapter, its sections, the sources it cites, the chapters it cross-references, the forms it mentions most, and the claims grouped under it with the sources that assert, propose, doubt or reject each.

Related chapters

Forms mentioned

c 3s 3-h 2ca cu ce 1ek 1arki 1opitta 1'a 1'i 1nupurh 1síne 1tú 1ku=kor 1a=nu 1yay-nu 1ku-kor wa k-ek 1sisam mosir 1pirika menoko 1a=e 1u-epeker 1i-omante 1uwepeker 1iyomante 1wakka 1yuk 1

Claims

A claim is one proposition; under it stand the statements of each source, with the stance that source takes. Claims are grouped by a model from the extracted statements and carry that status until reviewed.

Sections

·

The phonemic principle 1 claims ·7 sentences

Is the transcription phonemic, phonetic, or morphophonemic?

  1. Non-obligatory phonetic alternations occurring across morpheme boundaries are generally not marked in phonemic transcription.
    形態素境界で生じる非義務的な音便交替は、音素的転写においては通例表記されない。
    alternation hokkaido/southwest/shizunai general
    asserts refsing1986

Phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences 1 claims ·3 sentences

What are the phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences and the vowel length status?

  1. In the refrain n n kato, the grapheme n represents a nasalized vowel sound resembling [u].
    リフレーン n n kato において、文字 n は [u] に類似した鼻音化母音を表す。
    form-function specific n n kato
    asserts sato2008

The choice of c, and s before i 1 claims ·8 sentences

How is the palato-alveolar affricate written, and does s change before i?

  1. The Latin character c is used to represent the voiceless affricate [tʃ].
    ラテン文字 c は無声破擦音 [tʃ] を表すために用いられる。
    form-function ainu universal c
    asserts bugaeva2022

Glottal stop, vowel-initial words, and onset representation 7 sentences

How is the glottal stop represented in word-initial vowel contexts?

Pitch-accent diacritics: when and how accent is marked 7 sentences

How is the pitch accent marked in transcription?

Morpheme and person-marker boundary notation 10 sentences

How are morpheme boundaries and person markers indicated in writing?

Capitalization, proper names, and punctuation 5 sentences

What are the capitalization rules for Ainu words in the transcription?

Glide transcription and vowel hiatus 6 sentences

How are vowel sequences across morphemes transcribed?

Relation to the IPA and to other romanizations in the literature 2 claims ·8 sentences

How does this transcription relate to the IPA and other romanization systems?

  1. In the phonological description of Sakhalin Ainu, the grapheme h represents the phoneme /x/, which surfaces phonetically as [x], [ɕ], or [f] depending on the preceding vowel.
    樺太アイヌ語の音韻記述において、文字 h は音素 /x/ を表し、先行母音に応じて音声的には [x]、[ɕ]、[f] などとして現れる。
    form-function sakhalin universal h
    asserts alonso2022
  2. Refsing's transcription adapts the conventions used by Japanese Ainuists with minor personal modifications.
    レフシングの転写方式は、日本人アイヌ語研究者の慣用表記にわずかな独自の修正を加えたものに基づいている。
    other hokkaido/southwest/shizunai universal
    asserts refsing1986