Knowledge base · Part XX — Diachrony, Reconstruction, and Dialectology
157. The Final-h Problem and Its Sakhalin Vowel-Length Reflex
What is the historical relationship between word-final h in Hokkaido Ainu and vowel length in Sakhalin Ainu?
北海道アイヌ語の語末のhと樺太アイヌ語の母音長の間にはどのような歴史的対応があるのか。
The diachrony of word-final and coda -h, the Hokkaido final-h controversy, and its systematic correspondence to phonemic vowel length in Sakhalin Ainu.
candidate topic from the first edition topic:diachrony/final-h-history-and-sakhalin-length-reflex read this topic as text
Local network
The chapter, its sections, the sources it cites, the chapters it cross-references, the forms it mentions most, and the claims grouped under it with the sources that assert, propose, doubt or reject each.
Sources
| Source | Citations | Without page | Statements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alonso de la Fuente 2022 | 15 | ||
| Tangiku 2022 | 11 | 3 | |
| Nakagawa 2024 | 8 | 6 | |
| aynu-corpora Discord 2023–2026 | 7 | 7 | |
| Murasaki 2025 | 6 | 6 | |
| Itabashi 2001 | 3 | 3 | |
| Bugaeva 2012 | 2 | 2 | |
| Bugaeva 2016 | 2 | 1 | |
| Shibatani 1990 | 2 | 1 | |
| Tamura 1996 | 1 | 1 | |
| Hattori 1964 | 1 | 1 | |
| Ijäs 2023 | 1 | 1 | |
| Nakagawa 2022 | 1 | 1 |
Related chapters
- Hokkaido Dialect Classification and Dialectometry ×4
- Index of Subjects ×4
- The Prosodic Unit and the Accent-versus-Tone Analysis ×3
- Morphophonology of the Affiliative Suffix and Echo/Copy Vowels ×2
- The Consonant Inventory and Its Phonetic Realization ×2
- Proto-Ainu Reconstruction: Segments and Accent Classes ×2
- Sakhalin and Kuril Ainu: The External Comparison ×2
- The Genetic Position of Ainu: Isolate Status and Macro-Comparison Controversies ×2
- The Rhotic /r/ and Coda-r ×2
- The Laryngeals: Glottal Stop, /h/, and the Final-h Question ×2
- Concept Form vs. Affiliative (Possessed) Form ×1
- The Pitch-Accent Placement Rule and the Accented/Accentless Dialect Split ×1
- Internal Reconstruction and Grammaticalization Pathways ×1
- Hokkaido Dialect Microvariation: Phonology and Morphosyntax ×1
- A Glossed Sakhalin (Enciw) Text with Hokkaido Contrast ×1
- Index of Grammatical Morphemes and Affixes ×1
Forms mentioned
h 19sik 3tek-ehe 2sik-ihi 2k 2tek 2*tek.e 2*sik.i 2hi 2-ihi 2i 2a 2s 2mah 2c 2mat 2p, t, k 2p 2p/t/k 2hapo 1huci 1-hi/-he/-hu/-ha 1-VhV 1-ehe 1e 1-uhu 1u 1-aha 1haspa 1aspa 1ham 1am 1p, t, k → h 1m 1n 1r 1*sih 1sis 1kor → koh 1sik / sis 1
Claims
A claim is one proposition; under it stand the statements of each source, with the stance that source takes. Claims are grouped by a model from the extracted statements and carry that status until reviewed.
Sections
·
The h phoneme and the coda question in Hokkaido 12 sentences· 1 examples
Where does the consonant h occur in Hokkaido Ainu, and can it appear at the end of a syllable?
Debuccalization in Sakhalin and the affiliative evidence 5 claims ·19 sentences
How do syllable-final consonants change in Sakhalin Ainu, and what does the affiliative suffix show about this?
- Syllable-coda consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, and /r/ merged into /h/ in West Coast Sakhalin Ainu.西海岸樺太アイヌ語では音節末子音 /p/, /t/, /k/, /r/ が /h/ に統合した。asserts bugaeva2016
- bugaeva2016 asserts checked
- refines(differs in scope): Syllable-final stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ debuccalized to /h/ in Sakhalin Ainu.— West Coast includes /r/ in addition to stops in the coda merger to /h/
- Hokkaido Ainu word-final /p/, /t/, and /k/ correspond to /h/ (or /s/) in Sakhalin Ainu.北海道アイヌ語の語末・音節末 -p, -t, -k は樺太アイヌ語の -h（または -s）に対応する。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:106 asserts checked
- supports: Syllable-final stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ debuccalized to /h/ in Sakhalin Ainu.— Cross-dialectal correspondence between Hokkaido coda stops and Sakhalin -h reflects this debuccalization
- Retention of syllable-final /p/, /t/, and /k/ in Sakhalin Ainu is restricted to the Taraika dialect.樺太アイヌ語における音節末 -p, -t, -k の保持はタライカ方言にのみ見られる。asserts nakagawa2024
- nakagawa2024:106 asserts checked
- refines(differs in dialect): Syllable-final stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ debuccalized to /h/ in Sakhalin Ainu.— Taraika is an exception where coda stops are retained rather than debuccalized
- Syllable-final stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ debuccalized to /h/ in Sakhalin Ainu.樺太アイヌ語において音節末の閉鎖音 /p/, /t/, /k/ が /h/ に変化した。asserts shibatani1990
- shibatani1990 asserts extracted
- In Sakhalin Ainu, the plural suffix -hci/-hcin shortens a preceding long vowel and surfaces as -ahci/-ahcin with underlying /p/, /t/, or /k/ surfacing from derived coda -h.樺太アイヌ語において、複数接辞 -hci/-hcin は先行する長母音を短母音化し、派生的な末子音 -h の後では -ahci/-ahcin の前で基底の p, t, k が表面化する。asserts tangiku2022
- tangiku2022:9.6 asserts checked
- supports: Syllable-final stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ debuccalized to /h/ in Sakhalin Ainu.— Morphophonemic alternations preserve underlying stops that otherwise debuccalize to /h/
The Sakhalin vowel-length reflex and proto-Ainu prosody 22 sentences
How does Sakhalin Ainu's phonemic vowel length relate to Hokkaido Ainu's word-final h and prosodic system?
Orthographic and typological implications 11 sentences
How do the writing systems of Hokkaido and Sakhalin Ainu reflect differences in coda consonants and vowel length?