Chapter 130Prohibitions with Iteki and Related Forms
Bare imperative and person-marked directives, regional prohibitives, placement, plural and polite address, and advisory expressions.
130.1 Prohibitions with iteki
Iteki forms a prohibition with an imperative verb. The imperative has no subject person affix; an object index may still occur. This is the imperative construction described by Satō, alongside other directive constructions that retain subject marking Satō (2008: 128–129, §§16.1–16.2).
The locative phrase intervenes between iteki and the verb. Nakagawa allows the prohibitive anywhere before the verb; Satō contrasts this freedom with the usual immediately preverbal position of somo Nakagawa (2024: 424)Satō (2008: 124).
130.2 Regional forms
Nakagawa lists the following distributions. The regional lists overlap and are explicitly non-exhaustive Nakagawa (2024: 424).
| Form | Dialects named in the source |
|---|---|
| iteki | Saru, Chitose, Horobetsu, Abuta |
| itekke | Shizunai, Samani, Tokachi |
| etekke | Shiranuka, Bihoro, Tokachi |
| ecik(k)i | Ishikari |
130.3 Addressees and advice
In Satō's Chitose description, yan accompanies a plural imperative and also permits polite address to one person. A verb with a number contrast uses its plural stem in this construction. The particle hani adds an instructive or admonitory nuance: his illustration has an adult advising children who are going outside into the cold Satō (2008: 128–129). These descriptions concern both the addressees and the circumstances of the utterance. See Chapter 114 (Commands, Requests, and Prohibitions) for the affirmative imperative and object marking.
130.4 Directives with person marking
Iteki also combines with person-marked predicates and endings such as p ne na or kusu ne na. A prohibition linked to a following directive by no can likewise retain its person affix Nakagawa (2024: 425, examples 929–936).
The construction as a whole directs the hearer to speak openly. Both predicates have an overt second-person index. Thus, the absence of subject marking characterizes the bare imperative, rather than every sentence used to prohibit an action.
One Saru directive contains both iteki and somo: iteki pasirota somo eci=ki nankor na, ‘You must certainly not punish [them].’ Nakagawa gives the sentence after Ōtani, without deriving its interpretation from two separate layers of negation Nakagawa (2024: 425, example 932, after Ōtani 2002:124). The person affix here is on ki.
130.5 Other prohibitive expressions
Nakagawa also lists ika, iki(y)a, and related forms with prohibitive meaning. These normally precede a verb with subject person marking Nakagawa (2024: 425–426, examples 937–939). Satō gives Chitose ikiyan in the same broad domain. He associates several person-marked directives with advice, while leaving the finer differences between the constructions unresolved Satō (2008: 129, §16.2).