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Biratori Ainu oral literature 1969

Biratori Town Ainu oral-literature archive 平取町アイヌ口承文芸 (1969). 平取町アイヌ口承文芸[Biratori Town Ainu oral literature].

db.aynu.org/biratori-ainu-oral-literature primary-data hokkaido

29chapters citing

7citing sentences

34examples

0statements extracted

0claims with a stance

Chapters citing this source

Chapter topic	Citations
The Permissive/Sociative Causative -yar	4
The Oral-Literature Corpus and Spoken-Language Data	2
The Oral-Literature Genre System and Its Grammatical Signatures	2
Glossed Verse: A Yukar Heroic Epic and a Kamuy Yukar God-Song	2
The o- Applicative	2
The Perfective/Anterior Particle a (a, a…a, aan)	2
Deontic Necessity and Obligation (kuni ne, kus ne)	2
The Sakehe Refrain, Verse Meter, and the Structure of Sung Verse	2
Parallelism, Couplets, and Word-Pair Doublets	2
Narrative TAM and Evidential Patterning by Genre	2
The Dialect Sample and the Corpus-Quantification Method	1
A Glossed Inonno-itak (Ritual Prayer)	1
Citation vs Combining Stem Shapes and Support Vowels	1
The Word-Class Inventory and the Noun/Verb Bipartition	1
Nominal Number: Transnumerality, -utar, and the Locus of Plurality	1
Relational and Spatial (Locative) Nouns and Their Possessed Forms	1
Postpositions, Local Case, Motion Events, Comitative, and Instrumental	1
The Split-Intransitive (Active–Stative) Core	1
Causee Marking, Ditransitive and Double Causatives	1
Subject Incorporation and Possessor-Stranding	1
Argument Realization: Affix Indexing and Free NP Order	1
Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Modality: Overview	1
Tenselessness and the Time-Reference System	1
Epistemic Modality, Dubitative, Intentive, and Irrealis	1
siri ne — the Direct-Perception / Situational Evidential	1
Negative-Polarity Indefinites and the Scope of Negation	1
Gendered Speech and Pragmatic Registers	1
The Elevated/Poetic Register: Archaic Morphology and Formulaic Diction	1
Honorific, Ritual, and Taboo Registers	1

Examples cited from this source

oraun arpa=an ruwe ne.

and.then go=4.S track-POSS COP

‘And then (the protagonist) went — so it goes.’

SAR oral-literature-and-spoken-corpora

usa mat-ikor usa tamasay

various woman-treasure various bead.necklace

‘women's treasures and bead-necklaces’

SAR citation-vs-combining-stem-shapes

a=kor rus utar

4.A=have fur ASS

‘my furs’

SAR word-class-inventory-and-diagnostics

a=kor rus utar

4.A=have fur ASS

‘(one's) furs’

SAR nominal-number-utar-transnumerality

atuy or un cip ani paye=an

sea place ALLAT boat INS go=4.S

‘going to the sea by boat’

SAR relational-and-spatial-nouns

atuy or un cip ani paye=an p ne

sea place ALLAT boat INS go=4.S NMLZ COP

‘(She) always went to the sea by boat.’

SAR postpositions-local-case-and-motion-events

sinrit or ta arpa=an ka somo ki ruwe ne

ancestors place LOC go=4.S FOC NEG do INFR COP

‘I did not go to my ancestors.’

SAR alignment-split-intransitive

a=omarere akusu sonno ka oripak pe ne kusu

4.A=put.in-CAUS-CAUS CONJ really FOC be.polite NMLZ COP because

‘I had [her] put [it] away, and since she is truly a courteous person —’

SAR causee-marking-ditransitive-double-causative

tuyma no new ka a=korar ka korayniwkes

far even COMP also 4=marry.off also feel.cannot.do

‘I felt I couldn't have her married off far away.’

SAR permissive-sociative-causative-yar

eun a=nuyar.

to 4.A=hear-CAUS

‘I had it heard / I reported (it) to [them].’

SAR permissive-sociative-causative-yar

hokure a=macihi oripakno pirkano suke wa ipeyar.

come.on 4.A=poss.wife humbly well cook CONJ eat-CAUS

‘Quickly, my wife — cook properly and neatly, and feed [them].’

SAR permissive-sociative-causative-yar

e=oarpa kuni p ne kusu taptap a=e=kar na

2SG.A=APPL-go PURP NMLZ COP CONJ like.this 4.A=2SG.O=do FIN

‘Since you are going, I shall do thus and so for you.’

SAR applicative-o

kamuy or oarpa hine ora nea menoko a=kor wa

god place APPL-go CONJ CONJ DEM woman 4.A=have CONJ

‘He went to the place of the kamuy (heaven), and then took that (human) woman as his wife.’

SAR applicative-o

tane sirkokunne an no iwak=an pe

now weather-APPL-dark exist ADV return=4.S NMLZ

‘when I returned, it was already getting dark’

SAR noun-incorporation-subject-possessor-stranding

eani anakne a=kor son e=ne ruwe ne

2sg TOP 4.A=have son 2SG.S=COP INFR COP

‘You are indeed my son.’

SAR argument-realization-indexing

mokor=an aan ru-we ne akusu

sleep=4.S PRF.MIR track-POSS COP when

‘when it turned out that I had fallen asleep,’

SAR tam-overview

arwen kamuy ne an=an nisa ruwe ne na

very.bad god COP exist=4.S PRF.REC INFR COP FIN

‘He has become a terribly bad god.’

SAR tenselessness-and-time-reference

oripak kamuy poho a=ne aan ru-we ne hine

noble deity child 4.A=COP PRF.MIR track-POSS COP CONJ

‘it turned out that I was the child of an honored deity, and …’

SAR perfective-anterior-a

mokor=an aan ru-we ne akusu

sleep=4.S PRF.MIR track-POSS COP when

‘when it turned out that I had fallen asleep,’

SAR perfective-anterior-a

wente kuni ramu kor an pe ne aan ru-we ne hine

devastate COMP think while exist NMLZ COP PRF.MIR track-POSS COP CONJ

‘— it turned out there was something thinking to cause devastation, and …’

SAR deontic-necessity

kotan wente kus arki kus ne aan ru-we ne wa

village devastate PURP come.PL PURP COP PRF.MIR track-POSS COP CONJ

‘— it turned out that they had been coming to devastate the village, and …’

SAR deontic-necessity

kotan wente kus arki kus ne aan ru-we ne wa

village ravage PURP come.PL PURP COP PRF.MIR track-POSS COP CONJ

‘and it had turned out that they were going to come to ravage the village,’

SAR epistemic-irrealis-modality

ineap kusun a=i=eoripak wa siri ki ya ka a=eramiskari

how.very CONJ 4.A=1SG.O=respect CONJ appearance-POSS do Q even 4.A=not.know

‘I was being respected to such an extent as I had never seen before.’

SAR siri-ne-situational

nep ka oar isam

what even completely not.exist

‘There is nothing at all.’

SAR negation-polarity-items-scope

mak raymik hawe ne raymik=an ruwe ne a p oraun

how raymik way COP raymik=4.S REP COP CONJ thing after

‘However she performed the women's greeting (raymik), having done the greeting, and then …’

SAR gendered-register-speech

hum pakpak

sound pattering

‘hum-pakpak (the sakehe of the thunder-god)’

SAR sakehe-refrain-and-sung-verse-structure

hancikiki sakehe ci=kar

(refrain) sake 1PL.EXCL.A=make

‘[HANCIKIKI] — we made sake’

SAR sakehe-refrain-and-sung-verse-structure

sonko atpa a=pita kane

message beginning 4.A=untie CONJ

‘untie the beginning of the message’

SAR parallelism-couplets-and-word-pairs

sonko sarkes a=atte kane

message end 4.A=hang CONJ

‘hang up the end of the message’

SAR parallelism-couplets-and-word-pairs

ar retar kamuy a=tura wa ek=an a=rayke wa ek=an ruwe ne na

entirely be.white god 4.A=COMIT CONJ come.SG=4.S 4.A=kill CONJ come.SG=4.S track-POSS COP FIN

‘I brought the pure-white kamuy-bear back with me and killed it, I tell you.’

SAR poetic-archaic-elevated-register

hinna ki kane too hosippa

hinna do CONJ away return.PL

‘Expressing thanks (saying hinna), they went home all the way.’

SHI honorific-ritual-and-taboo-registers

sekor kane hawean hawe as ruwe ne akusu ora

QUOT CONJ say voice-POSS exist track-POSS COP CONJ CONJ

‘… a voice said so, and then …’

SAR narrative-tam-evidential-patterning-by-genre

aysirkamuy epirma hawe ne nankor ruwe ne

ghost teach voice-POSS COP probably track-POSS COP

‘… it was probably the ghosts (of your parents) who told you so.’

SAR narrative-tam-evidential-patterning-by-genre

hancikiki sake-he ci=kar

refrain sake-POSS 1PL.EXCL.A=make

‘(hancikiki!) — [we] brewed sake.’

SAR heroic-and-divine-verse

Sentences of the first edition citing this source

The most extensively analysed set is the Biratori Town oral-literature archive , held by the National Ainu Museum (国立アイヌ民族博物館) and available online. no page The Oral-Literature Corpus and Spoken-Language Data
The Biratori Town Ainu oral-literature archive, Saru-dialect oral literature held by the National Ainu Museum . no page The Dialect Sample and the Corpus-Quantification Method
The same option appears in oral narrative, where a deity named in an eun phrase receives the message conveyed by nu-yar while the verb itself indexes no causee . no page The Permissive/Sociative Causative -yar
Sakehe range from transparent onomatopoeia (the cuckoo-god's sakehe han kakkok kakkok imitates the bird's cry; the thunder-god's hum pakpak is the sound of rain or thunder, glossed by its narrator as humihiruy 'it's a loud sound' ) to completely opaque compounds such as the long sakehe recorded by : tunoyake renoyake kutunke kamuyke kamuy cikappo hum hum hum. no page The Oral-Literature Genre System and Its Grammatical Signatures
The Biratori examples are from ; the three marlin-tuna variants and the cuckoo sakehe are cited via . no page The Oral-Literature Genre System and Its Grammatical Signatures
The Biratori corpus preserves the narrator 貝澤とぅるしの (Kaizawa Turushino) explicitly labelling the phenomenon: after reciting the thunder-deity's refrain hum pakpak, she glosses it humihiruy だわ。sakehe. 'it's a loud sound — [that's] the sakehe' . no page Glossed Verse: A Yukar Heroic Epic and a Kamuy Yukar God-Song
The primary documented prayer text accessible for grammatical analysis is the Monbetsu (Biratori) example attributed to 鍋澤モトゾウ (Motoanrek), cited and analysed by ; further attested prayer language appears in the Biratori oral-literature archives and in the ILCAA Ainu language materials through prosodic and formulaic phrases embedded in narrators' own metalinguistic commentary. no page A Glossed Inonno-itak (Ritual Prayer)