116. The Desiderative rusuy

The auxiliary and its form 3 claims ·8 sentences· 1 examples

What is the form and position of the element that expresses desire?

1. The particle rusui is an optative/desiderative particle expressing desire ('want to...').
   rusui は願望の助詞である。
   form-function rusui
   asserts kindaichi1936
   • kindaichi1936 asserts checked
2. The desiderative auxiliary rusuy does not generally take a personal affix.
   願望助動詞 rusuy は一般には人称接辞を取らない。
   distribution ainu usually rusuy
   asserts shibatani1990
   • shibatani1990:24 asserts checked
3. In the Sakhalin dialect, some speakers attach a personal affix to the auxiliary rusuy 'want'.
   樺太方言では、助動詞rusuy「〜したい」に人称接辞を付加する話者もいる。
   distribution sakhalin exists rusuy
   asserts shibatani1990
   • shibatani1990 asserts checked

Fusion and lexicalization 4 claims ·4 sentences

Does the desire element fuse phonologically with the preceding verb?

1. The auxiliary verb rusuy 'want to' frequently fuses with the preceding verb to form a single compound verb, taking personal affixes after rusuy.
   助動詞 rusuy「〜たい」は直前の動詞と結合して一語になり、rusuy の後に人称接辞を取ることがよくある。
   distribution ainu usually rusuy
   asserts nakagawa2024
   • nakagawa2024:294 asserts checked
2. Unlike other inherent auxiliaries, rusuy often fuses with the immediately preceding verb to form a single compound verb.
   rusuy は他の本来的な助動詞と違って、直前の動詞と合体してひとつの動詞になることがよくある。
   distribution ainu usually rusuy
   asserts nakagawa2024
   • nakagawa2024:311 asserts checked
3. While iperusuy 'want to eat, be hungry' and konrusuy 'want ...' can formally be decomposed into ipe or kor plus rusuy, in practice they are more commonly used as single unitary words.
   iperusuy「食事がしたい（お腹が空いた）」や konrusuy「〜が欲しい」は、形の上では ipe、kor と rusuy に分解できるが、実際には1語として使われることのほうが普通である。
   analysis ainu usually iperusuykonrusuy
   asserts nakagawa2024
   • nakagawa2024:312 asserts extracted
4. A single word combining a transitive verb with an object prefix and rusuy (such as *a-e-rusuy) is ungrammatical in Ainu.
   アイヌ語において、目的語接頭辞を含む他動詞とrusuyが一語に結合した形（*a-e-rusuyなど）を形成することはできない。
   judgement ainu none rusuy
   asserts sato2025a
   • sato2025a asserts checked

Argument structure and the experiencer 1 claims ·8 sentences· 1 examples

How is the experiencer of desire related to the subject of the action?

1. When expressing a wish regarding the desired action of others, rusuy is simply added to the predicate.
   他者の望まれる行動に関する願望を表す場合、述語に単に rusuy が添加される。
   form-function hokkaido/southwest/shizunai rusuy
   asserts refsing1986
   • refsing1986:206 asserts checked
   • refsing1986:207 asserts checked

Rusuy as full verb: the dual status 2 claims ·7 sentences

Can the desire element also function as an independent verb?

1. Because rusuy is an intrinsic auxiliary and not a verb, apkas-rusuy cannot be analyzed as object incorporation, and rusuy cannot be separated from the verb with person marking (*apkas a=rusuy).
   rusuy は本来的助動詞であって動詞ではないため、apkas-rusuy を目的語抱合と解釈することはできず、動詞から分離して人称接辞をつけることもできない（*apkas a=rusuy）。
   judgement ainu rusuyapkas-rusuy*apkas a=rusuy
   asserts nakagawa2024
   • nakagawa2024:491 asserts checked
2. The desiderative marker rusuy is an auxiliary verb, not a verb, and does not undergo person inflection.
   rusuy は動詞ではなく助動詞であるから、人称変化を行わない。
   membership ainu generic rusuy
   asserts sato2008
   • sato2008:77 asserts checked

Possession desire: kor rusuy 4 sentences· 1 examples

How is desire for possession of an object expressed?

The applicative-desiderative 6 sentences· 1 examples

How is desire directed toward a specific referent expressed?

Negation and scope 1 claims ·5 sentences· 1 examples

How does negation interact with the desire construction?

1. The auxiliary verb 'etunne expresses negative desiderative mood ('do not want to').
   助動詞 'etunne は《〜たくない》を表す。
   form-function sakhalin generic 'etunne
   asserts murasaki2025
   • murasaki2025:94 asserts checked

Semantic range: community observations 8 claims ·5 sentences

What semantic range does the desire construction cover?

1. In Sakhalin Ainu, rusuy expresses desire ('want to') as well as a tendency or inclination to easily fall into an action or state.
   樺太アイヌ語において、rusuy は願望（「〜したい」）に加え、容易にある状態や行為に至る傾向（「〜しやすい」「すぐ〜してしまう」）を表す。
   form-function sakhalin rusuy
   asserts murasaki2025
   • murasaki2025:54 asserts checked
   • murasaki2025:36 asserts checked
   • murasaki2025:69 asserts checked
2. The desiderative auxiliary rusuy primarily indicates a wish or hope of the speaker, and may also express intention without strong determination.
   願望助動詞 rusuy は主として話し手の側の願望や希望を表し、強い決意を伴わない意図を示すこともある。
   form-function hokkaido/southwest/shizunai rusuy
   asserts refsing1986
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
3. In interrogative and conditional sentences, rusuy may indicate a presumed wish or intention on the part of the addressee.
   疑問文および条件文において、rusuy は聞き手の側の推定される願望や意図を示すことがある。
   form-function hokkaido/southwest/shizunai rusuy
   asserts refsing1986
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
4. A third person's wish can also be expressed by rusuy.
   三人称の願望も rusuy によって表すことができる。
   form-function hokkaido/southwest/shizunai rusuy
   asserts refsing1986
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
5. With certain verbs, rusuy forms fixed idioms functioning as stative verbs that express a lack of or desire for something, such as mokor rusuy 'sleepy' or ipe rusuy 'hungry'.
   特定の動詞とともに、rusuy は mokor rusuy「眠い」や ipe rusuy「腹が減った」のように何かの不足や欲求を表す状態動詞の固定慣用句を形成する。
   membership hokkaido/southwest/shizunai some rusuymokor rusuyipe rusuy
   asserts refsing1986
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
   • refsing1986:205 asserts checked
6. The auxiliary verb rusuy expresses desiderative mood ('want to').
   助動詞 rusuy は《〜たい》を表す。
   form-function sakhalin generic rusuy
   asserts murasaki2025
   • murasaki2025:94 asserts checked
7. The auxiliary rusuy expresses desire ('want to').
   rusuy は願望を表す（「〜したい」）。
   form-function ainu all rusuy
   asserts nakagawa2024
   • nakagawa2024:311 asserts checked
8. The auxiliary rusuy expresses wanting to do something.
   助動詞 rusuy は「〜したい」という意味を表す。
   form-function hokkaido generic rusuy
   asserts sato2008
   • sato2008:86 asserts checked