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A Grammar of Hokkaido Ainu

Knowledge base · source

Takahashi 2015

Takahashi Yasushige 高橋靖以 (2015). アイヌ語十勝方言における1人称と包括人称について[On the first and inclusive persons in the Tokachi dialect]. 北方言語研究 5, 205–213.

prior-analysis hokkaido text held locally

8chapters citing
12citing sentences
5examples
0statements extracted
0claims with a stance

Chapters citing this source

Chapter topicCitations
First-Person Plural and the Clusivity Question (ci=/=as, un=)4
Architecture of the Personal-Affix System: The Four Persons and the S/A/O Paradigms3
The Indefinite/Fourth Person: Forms, Reference, and Agent-Defocusing3
Person–Number Interactions and Plural Agreement3
Object Indexing: Monotransitive and Ditransitive Clauses1
Honorific and Logophoric Uses of the Fourth Person1
The Personal-Affix Template: Position Classes and Affix Ordering1
Tripartite, Nominative-Accusative, and the Central Alignment Debate1

Examples cited from this source

kuruma an wa ci=o tek arki=as
car exist CONJ 1PL.EXCL.A=board then come.PL=1PL.EXCL.S
‘There was a car, and we boarded it and came.’
p. 206 TOK person-marking-architecture
kuruma an wa ci=o tek arki=as
car exist CONJ 1PL.EXCL.A=board then come.PL=1PL.EXCL.S
‘There was a car, and we boarded it and came.’
p. 206 TOK first-person-plural-and-clusivity
kuruma an wa ci=o tek arki=as
car exist CONJ 1PL.EXCL.A=board then come.PL=1PL.EXCL.S
‘There was a car, and we boarded it and came.’
p. 206 TOK personal-affix-template-and-ordering
kuruma an wa ci=o tek arki=as
car exist CONJ 1PL.EXCL.A=board then come.PL=1PL.EXCL.S
‘There was a car, and we boarded it and came.’
p. 206 TOK person-number-interactions
kuruma an wa ci=o tek arki=as
car exist CONJ 1PL.EXCL.A=board then come.PL=1PL.EXCL.S
‘There was a car, and we boarded it and came.’
p. 206 TOK alignment-hierarchical-and-the-debate

Sentences of the first edition citing this source

  1. Nakagawa calls it the fourth person; Tamura divides the same Saru forms into separate persons — the inclusive, the quotative, the second-person honorific, and the indefinite — counting eleven persons in all; Bugaeva uses “indefinite” and reanalyses the quotation use as logophoric; Satō treats the forms as polysemous; and Takahashi, working on Tokachi, adopts “inclusive person” as the label that unifies the otherwise disparate uses ; ; ; ; ; ‹contested›. 205–210 Architecture of the Personal-Affix System: The Four Persons and the S/A/O Paradigms
  2. Tokachi confirms the same division, an exclusive first-plural series beside an inclusive fourth-person series whose forms take a plural verb even when the referent is single ; ; ; . 206–209 Architecture of the Personal-Affix System: The Four Persons and the S/A/O Paradigms
  3. Nakagawa's 'fourth person' is a formal class label; Tamura distinguishes several persons whose morphology is neutralised; Bugaeva's 'indefinite' groups inclusive, honorific, logophoric, and impersonal functions; and Takahashi, on Tokachi, adopts 'inclusive person' as a unifying functional term, arguing that the participant structure of the inclusive gives a principled account of all the disparate uses ; ; ; ‹contested›. 205–206, 210 First-Person Plural and the Clusivity Question (ci=/=as, un=)
  4. The exclusive side has ci-, -as, and un-, with free pronouns ciokay and ciutari; the inclusive side has a-/an-, -an, and i-, with anokay and anutari . 206–207 First-Person Plural and the Clusivity Question (ci=/=as, un=)
  5. Takahashi also notes that the inclusive row selects plural verb morphology even when the referent is a single additional person: a sole addressee triggers plural stem agreement on an inclusive-marked verb . 209 First-Person Plural and the Clusivity Question (ci=/=as, un=)
  6. Tokachi confirms the same exclusive–inclusive split, with un= systematically opposed to the fourth-person object ‹consensus›. 206–209 Object Indexing: Monotransitive and Ditransitive Clauses
  7. Tamura distributes the same Saru forms across several distinct persons in her eleven-person system; Bugaeva uses the cover label "indefinite" and reanalyses the quotation use as logophoric; Satō treats the forms as polysemous; Takahashi's Tokachi account adopts "inclusive person", arguing that the inclusive value is primary and the other uses follow from it ; ; ; ; ‹contested›. 205–210 The Indefinite/Fourth Person: Forms, Reference, and Agent-Defocusing
  8. Tokachi preserves the same clusivity split, and Takahashi observes that the inclusive/fourth-person series triggers plural verb forms even where the referent would otherwise be singular . 206–209 The Indefinite/Fourth Person: Forms, Reference, and Agent-Defocusing
  9. Takahashi's "inclusive person" gives the Tokachi system a unified participant label, arguing that the inclusive function is primary ‹contested›. 205–210 The Indefinite/Fourth Person: Forms, Reference, and Agent-Defocusing
  10. Nakagawa subsumes all these values under a single fourth-person label; Tamura's Saru analysis separates the honorific second person and the quotative first person as distinct categories; Bugaeva's cover term is indefinite, with the quotation use reanalysed as logophoric; Satō discusses the literary and quotative functions under the literary-person problem without positing a fourth-person label; Takahashi, working on Tokachi, uses "inclusive person" for the same form range ; ; ; ; ; ; ‹contested›. 205–210 Honorific and Logophoric Uses of the Fourth Person
  11. Inclusive first plural (use ①, 'you and I') always takes the plural verb stem, since the referent is inherently multiple ; . 209 Person–Number Interactions and Plural Agreement
  12. In Tokachi, the inclusive series consistently co-occurs with plural verb forms even when referring to a pair, and this co-selection is obligatory . 209 Person–Number Interactions and Plural Agreement