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Tamura 1971

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1971). 沙流方言の人称代名詞[Personal pronouns in the Saru dialect].

prior-analysis hokkaido text held locally OCR pdftotext-pieces: 11 leaves, 0 with a printed page

Chapters citing this source

Sentences of the first edition citing this source

1. Tamura's Saru description confirms the pattern — pronouns function syntactically like adverbs, appearing only when a specific pragmatic condition is met . 3–5 Personal, Reflexive, and Emphatic Pronouns
2. Tamura's foundational analysis derives each one by attaching a person index to one of two existential roots — singular an 'exist (SG)' or plural oka(y) 'exist (PL)' — and then nominalizing the result with the possessed (affiliative) form suffix, whose base is the formal noun ; . 3–5 Personal, Reflexive, and Emphatic Pronouns
3. Their etymology — kani from the 1SG prefix plus an existential base; eani invariant across the surveyed Hokkaido dialects — and their distribution relative to the verbal index are treated in ; . 3–5 First- and Second-Person Singular Affixes (ku=/en=, e=/e=)
4. Both the Saru and Tokachi forms are built on the transitive-subject prefix ci= followed by the plural existential oka(y) 'there are', nominalized — so coka(y) is, in origin, 'those who exist as ci=-ers' ; . 3–5 First-Person Plural and the Clusivity Question (ci=/=as, un=)
5. Ainu discourse tracks participants across turns through the bound indexes and does not regularly deploy independent pronouns for reference maintenance; the free forms eani (2SG) and ecioka (2PL) add emphasis or mark contrast rather than supplying a referent from scratch ; . 3–5 The eci= Portmanteau (1A→2O) and Second-Person Plural Syncretism