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Nikitina & Bugaeva 2021

Nikitina, Tatiana & Anna Bugaeva (2021). Logophoric speech is not indirect: Towards a syntactic approach to reported speech constructions. Linguistics 59(3).

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1. Nikitina and Bugaeva develop the syntactic argument further, proposing that logophoric reported speech in Ainu is a structurally distinct category, neither indirect speech nor ordinary direct speech . no page Honorific and Logophoric Uses of the Fourth Person
2. Nikitina and Bugaeva develop a stronger claim: the construction is better characterized as logophoric speech rather than indirect speech in the conventional theoretical sense, because the person system encodes the narrator's perspective adoption, not a syntactic binding of the embedded subject to a matrix controller . no page Quotative Complementation and Reported Speech (sekor)
3. This is the morphological correlate of the direct/indirect boundary: sekor preserves the perspective of the original utterance; the indirect-speech markers reanchor it to the narrator's viewpoint ; . no page Quotative Complementation and Reported Speech (sekor)
4. Bugaeva analyses this as a logophoric function: the form marks the participant whose speech or thought is being reported, who is not identical to the narrating speaker at the time of utterance ; . no page Reference Tracking and Argument Continuity
5. The relationship between this narrator-perspective device and typological logophoricity is analysed by , who argue that logophoric speech constructions in Ainu are direct — not indirect — reported speech; the consequences for the genre-narration system are pursued in . no page The Oral-Literature Genre System and Its Grammatical Signatures
6. sharpen the analysis: across languages, logophoric speech shares its syntax with direct speech and none with indirect; the Ainu semi-direct construction is syntactically direct-like and its person shift is a logophoric device, not a symptom of syntactic subordination ‹contested›. no page First-Person Narration, the Logophoric Fourth Person, and Reported Discourse
7. The form is the same prefix set that encodes indefinite reference, second-person honorific address, and inclusive first plural in other contexts; in narrative it indexes the protagonist as logophoric — cast as the direct speech of the hero-narrator — rather than as the actual speaker ; . no page Narrative TAM and Evidential Patterning by Genre
8. Bugaeva and Nikitina reanalyse the narrator-protagonist using the framework of logophoricity: the "I" of the tale is a logophoric controller, the narration is direct-style throughout, and the fourth person is the Ainu mechanism for maintaining logophoric reference across the embedded narrative ; . no page A Glossed Uwepeker (Prose Folktale)