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Dal Corso 2025

Dal Corso, Elia (2025). Negation in Sakhalin Ainu: History and typology.

db.aynu.org/2025-dal-corso-elia-negation-in-sakhalin-ainu-history-and-typology prior-analysis sakhalin text held locally OCR pdftotext-pieces: 37 leaves, 0 with a printed page

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1. ; . 41–42 Light Verbs, Pro-Verbs, and the Auxiliary-Verb Construction
2. The etymological decomposition of isam as i- (antipassive) + root *sam is ‹speculative› and is proposed independently by and by (lesson 9); see for fuller discussion. 41–42 TAM, Evidentiality, and Negation on Nonverbal Predicates
3. ; . 41–42 Standard Clausal Negation with somo
4. ; . 41 Standard Clausal Negation with somo
5. Dal Corso’s Sakhalin-focused comparative work links somo and isam to an older negative-existential root *sam, deriving somo from a form like *samno and isam from antipassive i- on that root; Ijäs reaches the same speculation for isam, marking it as conjectural ; . 41–42 Standard Clausal Negation with somo
6. somo covers most of Hokkaido; the eastern Pacific coast and parts of the east use other free negators in the same structural slot, and the eastern dialects also have a rare suffix -ko that derives a rhetorical negative adverb from a stative intransitive — a genuinely morphological negative in an otherwise periphrastic system ; ; . 41 Standard Clausal Negation with somo
7. ; . 41 Standard Clausal Negation with somo
8. Dal Corso notes that isam is the only intransitive member of the lexical-negative class . 41 Negative Existential and Possessive: isam
9. Dal Corso reports southern Hokkaido somo kor ‘not have’ beside sak, with a pragmatic difference supplied by Nakagawa , and Bugaeva characterizes these verbs only as containing negation in their meaning, not as barring somo . 41 n.1 Negative Existential and Possessive: isam
10. He reconstructs a negative-existential root *sam and analyses Hokkaido isam as the antipassive prefix i- on that transitive root, with antipassivization yielding the intransitive ‘not exist’; the standard negator somo is derived in the same account from *samno through final stress and an a/o change . 41–42 Negative Existential and Possessive: isam
11. The reconstruction situates Ainu within two diachronic models that Dal Corso applies to it: the Givón negative cycle, by which a negator is periodically renewed, and the Negative Existential Cycle, by which a negative existential predicate develops into a general clausal negator and may leave existential traces in the result ; ; . 41–42 Negative Existential and Possessive: isam
12. Dal Corso records southern Hokkaido somo kor ‘not have’ beside privative sak, with a distinct pragmatic value, and Bugaeva describes these verbs only as containing negation in their meaning, not as barring somo ; . 41 Negative Predicates of Ability and Cognition
13. Dal Corso's history of Sakhalin negation bears on the class only diachronically: his proposal that negative-existential material underlies wider Ainu negation helps explain why the lexical negatives and standard somo form one connected domain, but the ability and cognition predicates described here are analysed from Hokkaido sources, and that history remains a hypothesis rather than a settled Hokkaido-internal fact ‹speculative›. 41–42 Negative Predicates of Ability and Cognition
14. Dal Corso's study of SA negation treats the structural history of the SA han- series and its divergence from the Hokkaido system in detail ‹contested›. no page A Glossed Sakhalin (Enciw) Text with Hokkaido Contrast