Knowledge base · Part X — The Personal-Affix System and Alignment · this topic as a network
71. The Split-Intransitive (Active–Stative) Core
Do intransitive subjects form a single class or multiple classes in person agreement?
1 sentences from 27 sources · every sentence names the pages it rests on
All intransitive subjects use the S set
Do all intransitive subjects in Hokkaido Ainu use the same agreement forms?
mean cuk ne pe merayke=an ka somo ki no
be.cold autumn COP thing feel.cold=4.S FOC NEG do ADV
‘It was a cold autumn, but I did not feel cold.’
rir-tursere=an kor mom=an ru-we ene an hi ne hine
wave-roll=4.S while flow=4.S track-POSS thus exist NMLZ COP CONJ
‘I was rolled by the waves and drifted along, and so …’
Sapporo or un ku=arpa ka somo ki; ku=sesek humi!
Sapporo ALLAT LOC 1SG=go also NEG COP; 1SG=be.hot INTERJ!
‘I won't go to Sapporo; I'm hot!’
sinrit or ta arpa=an ka somo ki ruwe ne
ancestors place LOC go=4.S FOC NEG do INFR COP
‘I did not go to my ancestors.’
Zero-place predicates and the valence boundary
How are verbs with no arguments, like weather verbs, indexed in person marking?
tane anak apto as patek ki ruwe ne
now TOP rain fall only do INFR COP
‘Now it only rains.’
The alignment label and the broader debate
What is the overall alignment pattern of person indexing in Hokkaido Ainu across different persons?
First-person singular verbal marking shows nominative-accusative alignment, with ku- for S/A and en- for O, while second-person (e-, eci-) and third-person (zero) markers are neutral. (Bugaeva 2022: 1.4)