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Yoshikawa 2018

Yoshikawa Yoshimi 吉川佳見 (2018). アイヌ語の助動詞 aan と証拠性[The auxiliary aan and evidentiality in Ainu]. 北方言語研究 [Northern Language Studies] 8.

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1. All major analyses decompose the form as a (perfective auxiliary) + an (existential 'exist') ; ; . no page The Perfective/Anterior Particle a (a, a…a, aan)
2. Sources: ; ; . no page The Perfective/Anterior Particle a (a, a…a, aan)
3. Yoshikawa integrates both under perfect aspect plus indirect evidentiality, with mirativity as a contextual extension: the speaker asserts a past event known only via inference or retrospective access, and the unexpected discovery of that fact yields the surprise reading ; . no page The Perfective/Anterior Particle a (a, a…a, aan)
4. Yoshikawa's most productive contribution is treating a and aan as a paradigmatic pair along two simultaneous parameters ; : no page The Perfective/Anterior Particle a (a, a…a, aan)
5. The structural parallel between a+an and Classical Japanese き+あり > けり provides an independent argument for the [a+an] etymology: both pairs decompose the indirect-past into a direct-past base plus an existential, and both the direct and indirect members share a perfective component ; . no page The Perfective/Anterior Particle a (a, a…a, aan)
6. Yoshikawa argues that aan signals indirect evidentiality plus mirativity (reported via ) ‹speculative› no page The Nominalization-plus-Copula Evidential Schema
7. argues that aan encodes not just mirativity but also indirect evidentiality — placing the information at a remove from the speaker's direct epistemic access — and that the two meanings are inseparable in this auxiliary ‹contested›. no page Mirativity, Evidential Scope, and Grammaticalization to Sentence-Final Particles