Chapter 175Consolidated References and Bibliography

175.1 Consolidated references

This chapter gathers the 182 works cited across the grammar into a single consolidated list, grouped by the variety or domain each work primarily concerns and alphabetised by author within each group. Entries marked reported are cited second-hand, through the source named in the citation, and were not consulted directly. The same list is available as the running references page.

175.2 Hokkaidō Ainu

Primary sources and studies of the variety this grammar describes.

Ainu language learner group, Otaru アイヌ語学習者グループ（小樽） (1991). アイヌタイムズ. [Ainu Times (Ainu language learners' newsletter)].

Asai Tōru 浅井亨 (1969). アイヌ語の文法——アイヌ語石狩方言文法の概略. [An outline of the grammar of the Ishikari dialect of Ainu]. アイヌ民族誌 1. reported

Batchelor, John (1903). A grammar of the Ainu language. Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh.

Batchelor, John (1905). An Ainu–English–Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language). Tokyo: Methodist Publishing House. reported

Batchelor, John (1938). An Ainu–English–Japanese dictionary, 4th edn. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten 岩波書店. reported

Batchelor, John (tr.) (1897). Chikoro utarapa ne Yesu Kiristo ashiri aeuitaknup (The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in Ainu). Yokohama: British & Foreign Bible Society.

Biratori Town Ainu oral-literature archive 平取町アイヌ口承文芸 (1969). 平取町アイヌ口承文芸. [Biratori Town Ainu oral literature].

Bugaeva, Anna (2008). Reported discourse and logophoricity in Southern Hokkaido dialects of Ainu. Gengo Kenkyū 133. 31–75.

Bugaeva, Anna (2012). Southern Hokkaido Ainu. The languages of Japan and Korea. Ed. Nicolas Tranter. 461–509. London: Routledge.

Bugaeva, Anna (2015). Relative clauses and noun complements in Ainu. Bugaeva, Anna & Iku Nagasaki (eds.), アイヌ語研究の諸問題. Sapporo: Hokkaido Shuppan Kikaku Center.

Bugaeva, Anna ブガエワ・アンナ (2014). アイヌ語使役構文に関する再考察. [A reconsideration of the causative construction in Ainu].

Bugaeva, Anna, Shiho Endō & Shirō Akasegawa (2015). A topical dictionary of conversational Ainu.

Chiba University Ainu Language Research Project 千葉大学 (eds.) (2015). 千葉大学アイヌ語資料集. [Chiba University Ainu language materials collection].

Chiri Yukie 知里幸恵 (1923). アイヌ神謡集. [A collection of Ainu divine epics [Ainu Shin'yōshū]]. Tokyo: Kyōdo Kenkyūsha 郷土研究社.

Dal Corso, Elia (2020). The interaction of relativization and noun incorporation in Southern Hokkaidō Ainu.

Fukazawa Mika 深澤美香 (2017). 加賀家文書の文献学的研究. [A philological study of the Kaga-ke documents (dissertation)].

Fukazawa Mika 深澤美香 (2025). 国立アイヌ民族博物館所蔵 知里真志保記入のアイヌ語基礎語彙調査表. [Chiri Mashiho's annotated Ainu basic-vocabulary survey tables (National Ainu Museum)].

Fukuda (Tamura) Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1956). On the morphological structure of the verbs in Saru dialect of Ainu. Onsei no Kenkyū 7.

Fukuda (Tamura) Suzuko 福田すゞ子 (1961). アイヌ語沙流方言の副助詞と終助詞. [The adverbial and sentence-final particles of the Saru dialect of Ainu]. 言語研究 [Gengo Kenkyū / Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan]. 39: 22–38.

Hirosawa 廣澤 (2026). 証拠性表現の用法——ruwe ne を中心に. [The uses of evidential expressions, centred on ruwe ne].

Hokkaido Ainu Association / Hokkaido Radio School (北海道アイヌ協会・ラジオ講座) (2001). アイヌ語ラジオ講座テキスト.

Hokkaidō Utari Kyōkai 北海道ウタリ協会 (1994). アコㇿイタㇰ——テキスト アイヌ語会話. [Akor Itak: A textbook of Ainu conversation]. Sapporo:

Huber, Klára フダー・クラーラ (2025). 主観性から見たアイヌ語の所有表現. [Ainu possessive expressions from the perspective of subjectivity].

Ijäs, Silja (2023). Aynu itak a-eyaypakasnu ro — Let’s learn Ainu: Ainu language grammar guide.

Ijäs, Silja (2023). Language revitalization through lexical modernization and neologism-coining. Aynu teetawano ankur kanpinuye 3. 117–160.

Kaiser, Lizanne (1998). The interaction of noun incorporation and applicative formation in Ainu. Yearbook of Morphology 1997. 157–178.

Kanazawa Shōzaburō 金澤庄三郎 (1898). アイヌ語会話辞典. [A topical dictionary of Ainu conversation (Saru)].

Kayano Shigeru 萱野茂 (1987). アイヌ語会話 初級編. [Ainu conversation: Beginner].

Kayano Shigeru 萱野茂 (1996). 萱野茂のアイヌ語辞典. [Kayano's Ainu dictionary (Saru)]. Tokyo: Sanseidō 三省堂. reported

Kirikae Hideo 切替英雄 (1984). 名詞句の構造と合成名詞. [The structure of noun phrases and compound nouns].

Kirikae Hideo 切替英雄 (1994). アイヌ語地名における等語線. [Isoglosses in Ainu place names]. reported

Kirikae Hideo 切替英雄 (1997). アイヌによるアイヌ語表記. [Ainu-language orthography by Ainu]. 国文学 解釈と鑑賞 62(1). 99–107.

Kobayashi Miki 小林美紀 (2010). 動詞接頭辞si-とyay-の項同定機能. [The argument-identifying function of the verbal prefixes si- and yay-].

Kobayashi Miki 小林美紀 (2015). アイヌ語動詞の結合価と項構造. [Valency and argument structure of the Ainu verb (dissertation)].

Kobayashi Miki 小林美紀 (2020). 空間・場所を項とするアイヌ語動詞の結合価を増やす操作について：otkeとkamuを例として. [On valency-increasing operations for Ainu verbs that take space or place as an argument: otke and kamu as case studies]. 千葉大学ユーラシア言語文化論集 22. 167–174.

Kobayashi Miki 小林美紀 (2025). アイヌ語における主語抱合と所属形的接頭辞 e-/o- による派生. [Subject incorporation and derivation by affiliative-type prefixes e-/o- in Ainu]. 北方言語研究 [Northern Language Studies]. 15: 165–178.

Nakagawa Hiroshi 中川裕 (1995). アイヌ語千歳方言辞典. [A dictionary of the Chitose dialect of Ainu]. Tokyo: Sōfūkan 草風館. reported

Nakagawa Hiroshi 中川裕 (2001). アイヌ文化——口承文芸. [Ainu culture: oral literature]. reported

Nakagawa Hiroshi 中川裕 (2006). アイヌ人によるアイヌ語表記への取り組み. [Ainu efforts toward writing the Ainu language].

Nakagawa Hiroshi 中川裕 (2009). アイヌ語の接頭辞. [The prefixes of Ainu].

Nakagawa Hiroshi 中川裕 (ed.) (2000). アイヌ口承文芸テキスト集 1–24. [A collection of Ainu oral-literature texts, vols. 1–24 (2000–2025)].

Nakagawa Hiroshi, Anna Bugaeva, Miki Kobayashi & Yoshimi Yoshikawa (eds.) (2016). A glossed audio corpus of Ainu folklore.

Nakamoto Mutsuko 中本ムツ子 (speaker); Kayano Shigeru 萱野茂 (supervising) (2009). CDエクスプレス アイヌ語. [CD Express Ainugo]. Hakusuisha 白水社.

National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics 国立国語研究所 (2003). アイヌ語口承文芸コーパス. [Corpus of Ainu oral literature].

Okuda Osami 奥田統己 (2025). アイヌ語のわたり音と母音連続. [Glides and vowel hiatus in Ainu].

Ōno, Tetsuhito (2022). The history and current status of the Ainu language revival movement. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. ch. 12. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Refsing, Kirsten (1986). The Ainu language: The morphology and syntax of the Shizunai dialect. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.

Refsing, Kirsten (2011). Tense, aspect and actionality in the Ainu language. reported

Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (1976). AA研アイヌ語資料. [ILCAA Ainu language materials].

Sakaguchi Ryō 阪口諒 & Watanabe Kaori 渡邊香織 (2019). 『アイヌ炉辺物語』（1〜5話）――ジョン・バチェラー、1924年、東京. [Ainu Fireside Stories (tales 1–5): John Batchelor, 1924, Tokyo]. 千葉大学ユーラシア言語文化論集 21. 243–261.

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2004). アイヌ文学における一人称体の問題. [The problem of the first-person form in Ainu literature].

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2006). 千歳方言のアスペクト——kor an、wa an. [Aspect in the Chitose dialect: kor an, wa an].

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2007). 千歳方言の再帰接頭辞yay-とsi-について. [On the reflexive prefixes yay- and si- in the Chitose dialect].

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2008). アイヌ語文法の基礎. [Foundations of Ainu grammar]. Tokyo: Daigaku Shorin 大学書林.

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2009). アイヌ語の条件表現について. [On the conditional expressions of Ainu]. Tsumagari Toshirō 津曲敏郎 (ed.), サハリンの言語世界 [The linguistic world of Sakhalin]. 49–56. Sapporo: Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University 北海道大学大学院文学研究科.

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2009). アイヌ語虻田方言の英雄叙事詩（yukar）テキストとその言語的特徴 (1). [The heroic epic (yukar) text of the Abuta dialect of Ainu and its linguistic characteristics, part 1]. 北海道立アイヌ民族文化研究センター研究紀要 [Research Bulletin of the Hokkaido Ainu Culture Research Center]. 15: 1–38.

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2021). 千歳方言の位置名詞orの用法. [The uses of the locative noun or in the Chitose dialect].

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2023). アイヌ語. [The Ainu language (handbook/encyclopedia grammar)]. 世界の言語シリーズ / 朝倉日本語講座.

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2023). 動詞の結合価と3項動詞. [Verb valency and three-place verbs (ditransitives)].

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2025). Basic sentence structures in Ainu. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Satō Tomomi 佐藤知己 (2025). 書評：中川裕『アイヌ語広文典』. [Review of Nakagawa Hiroshi's Ainugo kōbunten].

Simeon, George John (1968). The phonemics and morphology of Hokkaido Ainu. Los Angeles: PhD dissertation, University of Southern California.

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2011). 十勝方言の指示表現. [Demonstrative expressions in the Tokachi dialect].

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2013). 十勝方言における証拠性と叙述類型. [Evidentiality and predication types in the Tokachi dialect].

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2014). アイヌ語十勝方言例文集. [A collection of example sentences in the Tokachi dialect of Ainu].

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2015). 十勝方言における1人称と包括人称について. [On the first and inclusive persons in the Tokachi dialect].

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2016). 十勝方言の否定構造について. [On the negation structures of the Tokachi dialect].

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2017). アイヌ語幌別方言の使役接尾辞について. [On the causative suffixes in the Horobetsu dialect of Ainu]. 北方言語研究 7. 99–106.

Takahashi Yasui 髙橋靖以 (2018). 幌別方言における名詞化辞の文法化. [The grammaticalization of nominalizers in the Horobetsu dialect].

Tamura Masashi 田村雅史 (2011). アイヌ語白糠方言の文法記述. [A grammatical description of the Shiranuka dialect of Ainu].

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1960). 沙流方言の助動詞. [Auxiliary verbs in the Saru dialect].

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1971). 沙流方言の人称代名詞. [Personal pronouns in the Saru dialect].

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1972). 沙流方言の人称の種類. [The categories of person in the Saru dialect].

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1973). アイヌ語の詩について——詩の言語的特徴. [On Ainu poetry: Linguistic characteristics of verse]. reported

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1988). アイヌ語. [Ainu language [encyclopedia article]]. reported

Tamura Suzuko 田村すゞ子 (1996). アイヌ語沙流方言辞典. [The Ainu–Japanese dictionary: Saru dialect]. Tokyo: Sōfūkan 草風館.

Tamura, Suzuko (2000). The Ainu language. ICHEL Linguistic Studies 2. Tokyo: Sanseidō 三省堂. reported

Yoshikawa Yoshimi 吉川佳見 (2018). アイヌ語の助動詞 aan と証拠性. [The auxiliary aan and evidentiality in Ainu]. 北方言語研究 [Northern Language Studies] 8.

Yoshikawa Yoshimi 吉川佳見 (2020). アイヌ語における存在型アスペクト形式. [Existential-type aspect forms in Ainu (dissertation)].

Yoshikawa Yoshimi 吉川佳見 (2022). Existential aspectual forms in the Saru and Chitose dialects of Ainu. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Yu Zhuo 于拙 (2025). アイヌ語コーパスの構築およびテキスト分析の研究：形態素の自動解析処理を中心に. [Building an Ainu corpus and analysing its texts: automatic morphological processing].

175.3 Sakhalin Ainu

Works on Sakhalin varieties, cited for contrast.

Baek, Sangyub 白尚燁 (2021). サハリン地域のウイルタ語・アイヌ語・ニヴフ語における3人称標示と複数接辞. [Third-person marking and plural affixes in Uilta, Ainu and Nivkh of the Sakhalin area].

Bugaeva, Anna (2016). On the innovative nature of Sakhalin Ainu, focusing on nominalization. Linguistic crossings and crosslinguistics in Northeast Asia (Studia Orientalia 117). Ed. Ekaterina Gruzdeva & Juha Janhunen. Helsinki:

Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1942). アイヌ語法研究——樺太方言を中心として. [A study of Ainu grammar, centred on the Sakhalin dialect]. 樺太庁博物館報告 [Reports of the Karafuto Government Museum]. 4(4): 51–172. Toyohara:

Dal Corso, Elia (2021). The language and folklore of West Sakhalin Ainu: A re-edition of Murasaki Kyōko's 'Karafuto Ainugo' with translation and grammatical notes. reported

Dal Corso, Elia (2024). Elements of Sakhalin Ainu phonetics, phonology, and morphosyntax in Bronisław Piłsudski's corpus of Ainu folklore.

Dal Corso, Elia (2025). The mixed nominative-neutral-inverse morphological alignment of Sakhalin Ainu.

Dal Corso, Elia (2025). Negation in Sakhalin Ainu: History and typology.

Murasaki Kyōko 村崎恭子 (1979). カラフトアイヌ語——文法篇. [Sakhalin Ainu: Grammar volume]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai 国書刊行会. reported

Murasaki Kyōko 村崎恭子 (2025). エンチウ（樺太アイヌ）語会話入門【改訂版】. [Introduction to Enciw (Sakhalin Ainu) conversation, rev. ed.].

Piłsudski, Bronisław (1912). Materials for the study of the Ainu language and folklore. Cracow: Spółka Wydawnicza Polska.

Sakaguchi Ryō 阪口諒 (2022). 樺太方言における数詞と計算. [Numerals and calculation in the Sakhalin dialects].

Sakaguchi Ryō 阪口諒 (2024). 樺太アイヌ語における人称と数の標示に関する研究. [A study of person and number marking in Sakhalin Ainu (dissertation)].

Tangiku Itsuji 丹菊逸治 (2022). Differences between Karafuto and Hokkaido Ainu dialects. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. ch. 9. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

175.4 Pan-Ainu, comparative, and methodological works

Dialectology, reconstruction, typology, and conventions.

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2004). Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. reported

Alonso de la Fuente, José Andrés (2022). The Ainu language through time. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. ch. 5. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Alpatov, Vladimir M., Anna Ju. Bugaeva & Vladimir P. Nedjalkov (2007). Reciprocals and sociatives in Ainu. Reciprocal constructions (Typological Studies in Language 71), vol. 4. Ed. Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 1751–1822. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Asai Tōru 浅井亨 (1974). アイヌ語諸方言の分類について——語彙統計学的方法の再検討. [On the classification of Ainu dialects: a reconsideration of the lexicostatistic method]. 北方文化研究 [Hoppō Bunka Kenkyū]. 8: 45–136. reported

aynu-corpora Discord community (2023–2026). Community linguistic discussion (aynu-corpora Discord archive).

Baker, Mark C. (1988). Incorporation: A theory of grammatical function changing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. reported

Baker, Mark C. (1996). The polysynthesis parameter. Oxford: Oxford University Press. reported

Barrie, Michael & Éric Mathieu (2021). Noun incorporation and polysynthesis.

Bugaeva, Anna (2006). Applicatives in Ainu.

Bugaeva, Anna (2010). Ainu applicatives in typological perspective. Studies in Language 34(4). 749–801.

Bugaeva, Anna (2015). An equivalent of the standard of comparison relativization in Ainu.

Bugaeva, Anna (2021). Unspecified participant: A case of antipassive in Ainu. Antipassive: Typology, diachrony, and related constructions (TSL 130). Ed. Katarzyna Janic & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Bugaeva, Anna (2021). Appositive possession in Ainu and around the Pacific.

Bugaeva, Anna (2025). A diachronic study of anticausatives in Ainu.

Bugaeva, Anna (ed.) (2022). Handbook of the Ainu language. Handbooks of Japanese Language and Linguistics 12. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Bugaeva, Anna & Miki Kobayashi (2022). Verbal valency. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. 465–509. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins & William Pagliuca (1994). The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. reported

Cambridge University Press (2022). Cambridge English–Turkish Dictionary: obey.

Chamberlain, Basil Hall (1887). The language, mythology, and geographical nomenclature of Japan viewed in the light of Aino studies. Tokyo: Imperial University. reported

Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1952). アイヌ語に於ける母音調和. [Vowel harmony in Ainu].

Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1953). 分類アイヌ語辞典. [A classified dictionary of Ainu (plants, animals, humans), 1953–1962]. Tokyo: Nihon Jōmin Bunka Kenkyūjo 日本常民文化研究所. reported

Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1955). アイヌ文学. [Ainu literature]. 日本詩人全集 27. Tokyo: 新潮社. reported

Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1956). 地名アイヌ語小辞典. [A small dictionary of Ainu place-name language (Chimei Ainugo shō jiten)]. Tokyo: Nihon Jōmin Bunka Kenkyūjo 日本常民文化研究所. reported

Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1956). アイヌ語入門――とくに地名研究者のために. [An introduction to Ainu, especially for place-name researchers]. Sapporo: Nire Shobō 楡書房. reported

Compton, Richard (2012). The syntax and semantics of modification in Inuktitut: Adjectives and adverbs in a polysynthetic language. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto. reported

Comrie, Bernard (1976). Aspect: An introduction to the study of verbal aspect and related problems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. reported

Comrie, Bernard, Martin Haspelmath & Balthasar Bickel (2015). The Leipzig Glossing Rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology & Leipzig University. reported

Corbett, Greville G. (2000). Number. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. reported

Croft, William (1991). The evolution of negation. Journal of Linguistics 27(1). 1–27. reported

Dal Corso, Elia (2018). Ainu evidentiality: A semantico-pragmatic analysis and a morphosyntactic account. London: SOAS, University of London.

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar دهخدا، علی‌اکبر (1931–1973). لغت‌نامهٔ دهخدا: حرف‌شنوی. [Dehkhoda Dictionary: harf-šenavi].

Diessel, Holger (1999). Demonstratives: Form, function and grammaticalization. Typological Studies in Language 42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. reported

Endō Shiho 遠藤志保 (2022). Ainu oral literature. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. ch. 10. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Evans, Nicholas (2003). Bininj Gun-wok: A pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. reported

Foley, William A. & Robert D. Van Valin, Jr. (1984). Functional syntax and universal grammar. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 38. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. reported

Fukazawa Mika 深澤美香 & Ono Yohei 小野洋平 (2024). アイヌ語の方言境界再考. [Ainu dialect boundaries reconsidered].

Gerdts, Donna B. (1998). Incorporation. The Handbook of Morphology. Ed. Andrew Spencer & Arnold M. Zwicky. 84–100. Oxford: Blackwell. reported

Givón, Talmy (1978). Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology. Pragmatics (Syntax and Semantics 9). Ed. Peter Cole. 69–112. New York: Academic Press. reported

Haspelmath, Martin (1997). Indefinite pronouns. Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. reported

Hattori Shirō 服部四郎 (ed.) (1964). アイヌ語方言辞典. [An Ainu dialect dictionary]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten 岩波書店. reported

Hattori Shirō 服部四郎 & Chiri Mashiho 知里真志保 (1960). アイヌ語方言の語彙統計学的研究. [A lexicostatistic study of the Ainu dialects]. 民族學研究 [Minzokugaku Kenkyū]. 24(4): 1–56. reported

Hopper, Paul J. & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (2003). Grammaticalization. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. reported

Itabashi Yoshizō 板橋義三 (2001). 樺太アイヌ語の母音の長短と北海道アイヌ語のピッチアクセントとの史的関係. [The diachronic relation between Sakhalin Ainu vowel length and Hokkaido Ainu pitch accent].

Janhunen, Juha A. (2022). Ainu ethnic origins. Handbook of the Ainu language (HJLL 12). Ed. Anna Bugaeva. ch. 2. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Kantarovich, Jessica (2024). Incorporation as a grammaticalization pathway: Chukchi incorporating morphology in areal perspective. Journal of Language Contact 17(1). 163–217. reported

Kasuga Hayato 春日勇人 (2026). アイヌ語多地点方言分類——75地点の計量的分析. [A multi-locality classification of Ainu dialects: a quantitative analysis of 75 sites].

Keenan, Edward L. & Bernard Comrie (1977). Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8(1). 63–99. reported

Kindaichi Kyōsuke 金田一京助 (1931). アイヌ叙事詩ユーカラ概説. [An outline of the Ainu heroic epic yukar]. Tokyo: 龍吟社. reported

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